LOCUS       NM_020991                827 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 01-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 (CSH2),
            transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_020991
VERSION     NM_020991.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Premzl,M.
  TITLE     Curated eutherian third party data gene data sets
  JOURNAL   Data Brief 6, 208-213 (2015)
   PUBMED   26862561
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Premzl,M.
  TITLE     Third party data gene data set of eutherian growth hormone genes
  JOURNAL   Genom Data 6, 166-169 (2015)
   PUBMED   26697363
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Mannik,J., Vaas,P., Rull,K., Teesalu,P. and Laan,M.
  TITLE     Differential placental expression profile of human Growth
            Hormone/Chorionic Somatomammotropin genes in pregnancies with
            pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Endocrinol 355 (1), 180-187 (2012)
   PUBMED   22387044
  REMARK    GeneRIF: results are consistent with a pleiotropic effect of
            placental hGH/CSH genes at the maternal-fetal interface relating to
            the regulation of fetal growth and the risk of affected maternal
            metabolism.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Lytras,A., Detillieux,K. and Cattini,P.A.
  TITLE     Identification of functional CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and Ets
            protein binding sites in the human chorionic somatomammotropin
            enhancer sequences
  JOURNAL   J Mol Endocrinol 47 (2), 179-193 (2011)
   PUBMED   21737519
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data conclude that members of the C/EBP and Ets families
            can differentially modulate CS-Benh and CS-Aenh activity.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   MacLeod,J.N., Lee,A.K., Liebhaber,S.A. and Cooke,N.E.
  TITLE     Developmental control and alternative splicing of the placentally
            expressed transcripts from the human growth hormone gene cluster
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (20), 14219-14226 (1992)
   PUBMED   1378436
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Vnencak-Jones,C.L. and Phillips,J.A. 3rd.
  TITLE     Hot spots for growth hormone gene deletions in homologous regions
            outside of Alu repeats
  JOURNAL   Science 250 (4988), 1745-1748 (1990)
   PUBMED   1980158
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Chen,E.Y., Liao,Y.C., Smith,D.H., Barrera-Saldana,H.A.,
            Gelinas,R.E. and Seeburg,P.H.
  TITLE     The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and
            evolution
  JOURNAL   Genomics 4 (4), 479-497 (1989)
   PUBMED   2744760
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Schneider,A.B., Kowalski,K., Russell,J. and Sherwood,L.M.
  TITLE     Identification of the interchain disulfide bonds of dimeric human
            placental lactogen
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 254 (10), 3782-3787 (1979)
   PUBMED   438159
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 827)
  AUTHORS   Shine,J., Seeburg,P.H., Martial,J.A., Baxter,J.D. and Goodman,H.M.
  TITLE     Construction and analysis of recombinant DNA for human chorionic
            somatomammotropin
  JOURNAL   Nature 270 (5637), 494-499 (1977)
   PUBMED   593368
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC015651.18.
            
            On Jan 4, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_020991.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
            somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important
            role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone
            locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the
            same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought
            to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five
            genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are
            expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing
            generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones.
            This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta
            and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of
            the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin
            hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, while the ratio
            of 1 to 2 increases by term. Structural and expression differences
            provide avenues for developmental regulation and tissue
            specificity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) utilizes all five exons,
            resulting in the longest, most abundant isoform (1).
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AL543175.3, V00573.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142586, SAMEA2142853
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000392886.7/ ENSP00000376623.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-73                AC015651.18        493-565
            74-234              AC015651.18        831-991
            235-354             AC015651.18        1216-1335
            355-519             AC015651.18        1429-1593
            520-827             AC015651.18        1847-2154
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..827
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17q23.3"
     gene            1..827
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /note="chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1443"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2441"
                     /db_xref="MIM:118820"
     exon            1..73
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             64..717
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; placental lactogen; chorionic somatomammotropin
                     B; choriomammotropin; growth hormone B1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 isoform 1
                     precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_066271.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS42369.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1443"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2441"
                     /db_xref="MIM:118820"
                     /translation="MAAGSRTSLLLAFALLCLPWLQEAGAVQTVPLSRLFDHAMLQAH
                     RAHQLAIDTYQEFEETYIPKDQKYSFLHDSQTSFCFSDSIPTPSNMEETQQKSNLELL
                     RISLLLIESWLEPVRFLRSMFANNLVYDTSDSDDYHLLKDLEEGIQTLMGRLEDGSRR
                     TGQILKQTYSKFDTNSHNHDALLKNYGLLYCFRKDMDKVETFLRMVQCRSVEGSCGF"
     exon            74..234
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            235..354
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            355..519
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            520..827
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      807..812
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      827
                     /gene="CSH2"
                     /gene_synonym="CS-2; CSB; GHB1; hCS-B; PL"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 taggatccca aggcccaact ccccgaacca ctcagggtcc tgtggacagc tcacctagcg
       61 gcaatggctg caggctcccg gacgtccctg ctcctggctt ttgccctgct ctgcctgccc
      121 tggcttcaag aggctggtgc cgtccaaacc gttccgttat ccaggctttt tgaccacgct
      181 atgctccaag cccatcgcgc gcaccagctg gccattgaca cctaccagga gtttgaagaa
      241 acctatatcc caaaggacca gaagtattca ttcctgcatg actcccagac ctccttctgc
      301 ttctcagact ctattccgac accctccaac atggaggaaa cgcaacagaa atccaatcta
      361 gagctgctcc gcatctccct gctgctcatc gagtcgtggc tggagcccgt gcggttcctc
      421 aggagtatgt tcgccaacaa cctggtgtat gacacctcgg acagcgatga ctatcacctc
      481 ctaaaggacc tagaggaagg catccaaacg ctgatgggga ggctggaaga cggcagccgc
      541 cggactgggc agatcctcaa gcagacctac agcaagtttg acacaaactc acacaaccat
      601 gacgcactgc tcaagaacta cgggctgctc tactgcttca ggaaggacat ggacaaggtc
      661 gagacattcc tgcgcatggt gcagtgccgc tctgtagagg gtagctgtgg cttctaggtg
      721 cccgcgtggc atcctgtgac cgacccctcc ccagtgcctc tcctggccct ggaaggtgcc
      781 actccagtgc ccatcagcct tgtcctaata aaattaagtt gtatcat
//
