LOCUS       NM_000758                788 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 03-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000758
VERSION     NM_000758.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Gan,Y., Zhou,H., Guo,Y., Huang,B., Liu,H., Wang,Z., Li,Z., Zhao,X.,
            Zhu,H., Han,Q., Ye,H., He,J., Wang,Q., Li,Z. and Sun,X.
  TITLE     A GITRL-mTORC1-GM-CSF Positive Loop Promotes Pathogenic Th17
            Response in Primary Sjogren Syndrome
  JOURNAL   Arthritis Rheumatol 76 (9), 1419-1430 (2024)
   PUBMED   38589318
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A GITRL-mTORC1-GM-CSF Positive Loop Promotes Pathogenic
            Th17 Response in Primary Sjogren Syndrome.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Li,H., Cao,X., Gu,X., Dong,M., Huang,L., Mao,C., Xia,S., Yang,H.,
            Bao,X., Yang,Y. and Xu,Y.
  TITLE     GM-CSF Promotes the Development of Dysfunctional Vascular Networks
            in Moyamoya Disease
  JOURNAL   Neurosci Bull 40 (4), 451-465 (2024)
   PUBMED   38113014
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GM-CSF Promotes the Development of Dysfunctional Vascular
            Networks in Moyamoya Disease.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Harber,K.J., Nguyen,T.A., Schomakers,B.V., Heister,D.A.F., de
            Vries,H.E., van Weeghel,M., Van den Bossche,J. and de
            Winther,M.P.J.
  TITLE     Adenine is an anti-inflammatory metabolite found to be more
            abundant in M-CSF over GM-CSF-differentiated human macrophages
  JOURNAL   Immunol Lett 265, 23-30 (2024)
   PUBMED   38142781
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Adenine is an anti-inflammatory metabolite found to be
            more abundant in M-CSF over GM-CSF-differentiated human
            macrophages.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Rahmani,F., Brier,M.R., Gordon,B.A., McKay,N., Flores,S., Keefe,S.,
            Hornbeck,R., Ances,B., Joseph-Mathurin,N., Xiong,C., Wang,G.,
            Raji,C.A., Libre-Guerra,J.J., Perrin,R.J., McDade,E., Daniels,A.,
            Karch,C., Day,G.S., Brickman,A.M., Fulham,M., Jack,C.R. Jr., la La
            Fougere,C., Reischl,G., Schofield,P.R., Oh,H., Levin,J.,
            Voglein,J., Cash,D.M., Yakushev,I., Ikeuchi,T., Klunk,W.E.,
            Morris,J.C., Bateman,R.J. and Benzinger,T.L.S.
  CONSRTM   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
  TITLE     T1 and FLAIR signal intensities are related to tau pathology in
            dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease
  JOURNAL   Hum Brain Mapp 44 (18), 6375-6387 (2023)
   PUBMED   37867465
  REMARK    GeneRIF: T1 and FLAIR signal intensities are related to tau
            pathology in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Martin,S.J., Brand-Arzamendi,K., Saab,G., Muccilli,A., Oh,J. and
            Schneider,R.
  TITLE     GM-CSF is a marker of compartmentalised intrathecal inflammation in
            multiple sclerosis
  JOURNAL   Mult Scler 29 (11-12), 1373-1382 (2023)
   PUBMED   37700482
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GM-CSF is a marker of compartmentalised intrathecal
            inflammation in multiple sclerosis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Walter,M.R., Cook,W.J., Ealick,S.E., Nagabhushan,T.L., Trotta,P.P.
            and Bugg,C.E.
  TITLE     Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human
            granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 224 (4), 1075-1085 (1992)
   PUBMED   1569568
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Kaushansky,K., Lopez,J.A. and Brown,C.B.
  TITLE     Role of carbohydrate modification in the production and secretion
            of human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in
            genetically engineered and normal mesenchymal cells
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 31 (6), 1881-1886 (1992)
   PUBMED   1737041
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Diederichs,K., Boone,T. and Karplus,P.A.
  TITLE     Novel fold and putative receptor binding site of
            granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  JOURNAL   Science 254 (5039), 1779-1782 (1991)
   PUBMED   1837174
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Frolova,E.I., Dolganov,G.M., Mazo,I.A., Smirnov,D.V., Copeland,P.,
            Stewart,C., O'Brien,S.J. and Dean,M.
  TITLE     Linkage mapping of the human CSF2 and IL3 genes
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (11), 4821-4824 (1991)
   PUBMED   1675789
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 788)
  AUTHORS   Hayashida,K., Kitamura,T., Gorman,D.M., Arai,K., Yokota,T. and
            Miyajima,A.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of a second subunit of the receptor for human
            granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF):
            reconstitution of a high-affinity GM-CSF receptor
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 (24), 9655-9659 (1990)
   PUBMED   1702217
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC034228.6, M11220.1 and
            BC108724.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000758.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that
            controls the production, differentiation, and function of
            granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is
            found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized
            to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is
            known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q-
            syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster
            include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13. This gene plays a
            role in promoting tissue inflammation. Elevated levels of
            cytokines, including the one produced by this gene, have been
            detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients that develop acute
            respiratory distress syndrome. Mice deficient in this gene or its
            receptor develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. [provided by
            RefSeq, Aug 2020].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC108724.1, M11220.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142363, SAMEA2144335
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related    :: involved in cytokine storm inflammatory
                                      response
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000296871.4/ ENSP00000296871.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-3                 AC034228.6         4844-4846           c
            4-607               M11220.1           1-604
            608-788             BC108724.1         592-772
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..788
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="5"
                     /map="5q31.1"
     gene            1..788
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /note="colony stimulating factor 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1437"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2434"
                     /db_xref="MIM:138960"
     exon            1..194
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             36..470
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /note="sargramostim; molgramostin; molgramostim;
                     granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; colony
                     stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
                     precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000749.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4150.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1437"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2434"
                     /db_xref="MIM:138960"
                     /translation="MWLQSLLLLGTVACSISAPARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEARRLLN
                     LSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYK
                     QHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE"
     exon            195..236
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            237..362
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            363..788
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      767..772
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      788
                     /gene="CSF2"
                     /gene_synonym="CSF; GMCSF"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agtacacaga gagaaaggct aaagttctct ggaggatgtg gctgcagagc ctgctgctct
       61 tgggcactgt ggcctgcagc atctctgcac ccgcccgctc gcccagcccc agcacgcagc
      121 cctgggagca tgtgaatgcc atccaggagg cccggcgtct cctgaacctg agtagagaca
      181 ctgctgctga gatgaatgaa acagtagaag tcatctcaga aatgtttgac ctccaggagc
      241 cgacctgcct acagacccgc ctggagctgt acaagcaggg cctgcggggc agcctcacca
      301 agctcaaggg ccccttgacc atgatggcca gccactacaa gcagcactgc cctccaaccc
      361 cggaaacttc ctgtgcaacc cagattatca cctttgaaag tttcaaagag aacctgaagg
      421 actttctgct tgtcatcccc tttgactgct gggagccagt ccaggagtga gaccggccag
      481 atgaggctgg ccaagccggg gagctgctct ctcatgaaac aagagctaga aactcaggat
      541 ggtcatcttg gagggaccaa ggggtgggcc acagccatgg tgggagtggc ctggacctgc
      601 cctgggccac actgaccctg atacaggcat ggcagaagaa tgggaatatt ttatactgac
      661 agaaatcagt aatatttata tatttatatt tttaaaatat ttatttattt atttatttaa
      721 gttcatattc catatttatt caagatgttt taccgtaata attattatta aaaatatgct
      781 tctacttg
//
