LOCUS       NM_021151               3205 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 21-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), transcript
            variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021151
VERSION     NM_021151.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Hsu,J., Fatuzzo,N., Weng,N., Michno,W., Dong,W., Kienle,M., Dai,Y.,
            Pasca,A., Abu-Remaileh,M., Rasgon,N., Bigio,B., Nasca,C. and
            Khosla,C.
  TITLE     Carnitine octanoyltransferase is important for the assimilation of
            exogenous acetyl-L-carnitine into acetyl-CoA in mammalian cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 299 (2), 102848 (2023)
   PUBMED   36587768
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Carnitine octanoyltransferase is important for the
            assimilation of exogenous acetyl-L-carnitine into acetyl-CoA in
            mammalian cells.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Okui,T., Iwashita,M., Rogers,M.A., Halu,A., Atkins,S.K.,
            Kuraoka,S., Abdelhamid,I., Higashi,H., Ramsaroop,A., Aikawa,M.,
            Singh,S.A. and Aikawa,E.
  TITLE     CROT (Carnitine O-Octanoyltransferase) Is a Novel Contributing
            Factor in Vascular Calcification via Promoting Fatty Acid
            Metabolism and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
  JOURNAL   Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 41 (2), 755-768 (2021)
   PUBMED   33356393
  REMARK    GeneRIF: CROT (Carnitine O-Octanoyltransferase) Is a Novel
            Contributing Factor in Vascular Calcification via Promoting Fatty
            Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Haenig,C., Atias,N., Taylor,A.K., Mazza,A., Schaefer,M.H., Russ,J.,
            Riechers,S.P., Jain,S., Coughlin,M., Fontaine,J.F., Freibaum,B.D.,
            Brusendorf,L., Zenkner,M., Porras,P., Stroedicke,M., Schnoegl,S.,
            Arnsburg,K., Boeddrich,A., Pigazzini,L., Heutink,P., Taylor,J.P.,
            Kirstein,J., Andrade-Navarro,M.A., Sharan,R. and Wanker,E.E.
  TITLE     Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease
            Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected
            Brains
  JOURNAL   Cell Rep 32 (7), 108050 (2020)
   PUBMED   32814053
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Le Borgne,F., Ben Mohamed,A., Logerot,M., Garnier,E. and
            Demarquoy,J.
  TITLE     Changes in carnitine octanoyltransferase activity induce alteration
            in fatty acid metabolism
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 409 (4), 699-704 (2011)
   PUBMED   21619872
  REMARK    GeneRIF: These results suggest that CROT activity, by controlling
            the peroxisomal amount of medium chain acyls, may control the
            peroxisomal oxidative pathway.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Ghosh,D. and Berg,J.M.
  TITLE     A proteome-wide perspective on peroxisome targeting signal
            1(PTS1)-Pex5p affinities
  JOURNAL   J Am Chem Soc 132 (11), 3973-3979 (2010)
   PUBMED   20178365
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y.L., Vergne,J., Torchet,C. and Maurel,M.C.
  TITLE     In vitro selection of adenine-dependent ribozyme against Tpl2/Cot
            oncogene
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 276 (1), 303-314 (2009)
   PUBMED   19054068
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Selected 'Tpl2/Cot-YL ribozyme' efficiently cleaves its
            target sequence in cis and in trans; furthermore, the ribozyme
            efficiently cleaves a longer target sequence of 54 nucleotides in
            trans, as well as the full-length mRNA.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Wanders,R.J. and Waterham,H.R.
  TITLE     Biochemistry of mammalian peroxisomes revisited
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 75, 295-332 (2006)
   PUBMED   16756494
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Morillas,M., Gomez-Puertas,P., Rubi,B., Clotet,J., Arino,J.,
            Valencia,A., Hegardt,F.G., Serra,D. and Asins,G.
  TITLE     Structural model of a malonyl-CoA-binding site of carnitine
            octanoyltransferase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I:
            mutational analysis of a malonyl-CoA affinity domain
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (13), 11473-11480 (2002)
   PUBMED   11790793
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   van der Leij,F.R., Huijkman,N.C., Boomsma,C., Kuipers,J.R. and
            Bartelds,B.
  TITLE     Genomics of the human carnitine acyltransferase genes
  JOURNAL   Mol Genet Metab 71 (1-2), 139-153 (2000)
   PUBMED   11001805
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT2, CROT and CRAT are known to
            encode active carnitine acyltransferases.  Earlier pfam annotations
            refer to the non-existing compound CARNITATE.  In 2000 this has
            been changed to CARNITINE.
            GeneRIF: CROT encodes carnitine octanoyltransferase, an enzyme
            known from rat studies to act on products of peroxisomal fatty acid
            oxidation. Medium-chain acylcarnitines are thought to be
            transported from peroxisomes to mitochondria.
            Review article
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3205)
  AUTHORS   Ferdinandusse,S., Mulders,J., IJlst,L., Denis,S., Dacremont,G.,
            Waterham,H.R. and Wanders,R.J.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning and expression of human carnitine
            octanoyltransferase: evidence for its role in the peroxisomal
            beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263 (1), 213-218 (1999)
   PUBMED   10486279
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA865171.1, BC039004.1 and
            AA062685.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_021151.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the carnitine/choline
            acetyltransferase family. The encoded protein converts
            4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA to its corresponding carnitine ester. This
            transesterification occurs in the peroxisome and is necessary for
            transport of medium- and long- chain acyl-CoA molecules out of the
            peroxisome to the cytosol and mitochondria. The protein thus plays
            a role in lipid metabolism and fatty acid beta-oxidation.
            Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been
            described.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame
            exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting
            isoform (2) is shorter but has the identical N- and C-termini
            compared to isoform 1.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1803615.273906.1,
                                           SRR1803612.157141.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000331536.8/ ENSP00000331981.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-31                DA865171.1         30-60
            32-3204             BC039004.1         1-3173
            3205-3205           AA062685.1         25-25               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3205
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q21.12"
     gene            1..3205
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /note="carnitine O-octanoyltransferase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:54677"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2366"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606090"
     exon            1..104
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            105..195
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            196..331
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             217..2055
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /EC_number="2.3.1.137"
                     /note="isoform 2 is encoded by transcript variant 2;
                     peroxisomal carnitine acyltransferase; peroxisomal
                     carnitine O-octanoyltransferase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
                     isoform 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_066974.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5604.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:54677"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2366"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606090"
                     /translation="MENQLAKSTEERTFQYQDSLPSLPVPSLEESLKKYLESVKPFAN
                     QEEYKKTEEIVQKFQSGIGEKLHQKLLERAKGKRNWLEEWWLNVAYLDVRIPSQLNVN
                     FAGPAAHFEHYWPPKEGTQLERGSITLWHNLNYWQLLRKEKVPVHKVGNTPLDMNQFR
                     MLFSTCKVPGITRDSIMNYFRTESEGRSPNHIVVLCRGRAFVFDVIHEGCLVTPPELL
                     RQLTYIHKKCHSEPDGPGIAALTSEERTRWAKAREYLIGLDPENLALLEKIQSSLLVY
                     SMEDSSPHVTPEDYSEIIAAILIGDPTVRWGDKSYNLISFSNGVFGCNCDHAPFDAMI
                     MVNISYYVDEKIFQNEGRWKGSEKVRDIPLPEELIFIVDEKVLNDINQAKAQYLREAS
                     DLQIAAYAFTSFGKKLTKNKMLHPDTFIQLALQLAYYRLHGHPGCCYETAMTRHFYHG
                     RTETMRSCTVEAVRWCQSMQDPSVNLRERQQKMLQAFAKHNKMMKDCSAGKGFDRHLL
                     GLLLIAKEEGLPVPELFTDPLFSKSGGGGNFVLSTSLVGYLRVQGVVVPMVHNGYGFF
                     YHIRDDRFVVACSAWKSCPETDAEKLVQLTFCAFHDMIQLMNSTHL"
     exon            332..456
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            457..638
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            639..763
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            764..872
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            873..966
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            967..1092
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1093..1194
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1195..1278
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1279..1386
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1387..1517
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1518..1641
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1642..1720
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1721..1814
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1815..1934
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1935..3205
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3184..3189
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3205
                     /gene="CROT"
                     /gene_synonym="COT"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agtccaattc ccgcaccttt gaggcccaag ggggagcgag ccggtgctgc tgcaggctga
       61 ggctgcggca gaggcggcga ggcgcgggcg gtgaggacgg acagtcaccg acttagtcca
      121 gttccctgtg atctcaaaac aattgttgca gcaggctcct ggcagtctca agcagttcat
      181 cttcttggtg tactggtttc ctattgtgat tttatcatgg aaaatcaatt ggctaaatca
      241 actgaagaac gaacatttca gtaccaggat tctcttccat cactgcctgt tccttcactt
      301 gaagaatcat taaaaaaata ccttgaatca gtgaaaccat ttgcaaatca agaagaatat
      361 aagaaaactg aagaaatagt tcaaaaattt caaagtggga ttggagaaaa attgcaccag
      421 aaattgcttg aaagagcaaa aggaaaaaga aattggctgg aagagtggtg gctgaatgtt
      481 gcctatctgg atgttcgtat accatcacaa ttgaatgtca actttgcggg tcctgcagct
      541 cattttgaac actactggcc tccaaaggaa gggactcaat tagaaagagg aagtataact
      601 ctttggcata acttgaacta ctggcagcta ttaagaaaag aaaaagtgcc tgttcataaa
      661 gttggaaata ctcctctaga tatgaatcaa ttccgaatgc tattttctac ctgcaaggtt
      721 ccaggaatta ctagagactc cattatgaat tattttagga ctgagagtga agggcgttcc
      781 ccaaaccaca ttgtagtgct gtgtcgaggc cgagcttttg tctttgatgt aatacatgaa
      841 ggatgtttgg tcaccccgcc agagcttctc agacaactga catatatcca caagaagtgc
      901 catagtgaac ctgatggacc tgggattgca gcattaacta gtgaggagcg aactcgatgg
      961 gctaaggcac gagaatatct gattggtctt gatccagaga acttggcttt gttagaaaaa
     1021 attcagagta gtttactggt atattccatg gaggatagca gtccacatgt aacaccagag
     1081 gattattctg agattattgc agccatcctt attggagatc caacagtacg ctggggtgac
     1141 aaatcctata acttgatttc cttttctaat ggagtatttg gctgtaattg tgatcatgct
     1201 ccttttgatg caatgattat ggtgaacatc agttattatg tggatgagaa aatttttcag
     1261 aatgaaggaa gatggaaggg ttcagagaag gtacgagata taccacttcc agaagagctc
     1321 attttcattg tggatgagaa agttttaaat gacatcaacc aagctaaagc ccagtatctc
     1381 agggaggcat ctgatctaca gattgcggct tatgccttta catcttttgg caaaaagcta
     1441 accaagaaca agatgcttca cccggatacg tttattcagc ttgcacttca gctggcctat
     1501 tacagacttc atggacaccc tggttgttgc tatgaaacag ctatgacaag acatttttat
     1561 catggccgta cagagactat gcgatcatgc acagttgaag cagtgaggtg gtgccagtcc
     1621 atgcaggatc cttctgtcaa tcttcgtgag cggcagcaaa agatgttaca agcttttgca
     1681 aagcataata aaatgatgaa agattgttca gctggaaaag gatttgatcg tcacctttta
     1741 ggtctcttac tcatagcaaa agaggaaggt cttcctgttc cagaactctt tacggaccca
     1801 cttttttcca aaagcggagg aggtggaaat tttgttctct caacaagtct ggttggctat
     1861 ttacgagtcc agggagtggt agttcccatg gtacacaatg gttatggatt tttctaccat
     1921 atcagagatg acaggtttgt tgtggcctgt tcagcctgga aatcctgtcc cgagactgat
     1981 gcggaaaagc tagttcagct gactttttgt gcttttcatg atatgataca gctgatgaac
     2041 tctactcatc tttagagatg aatcatctat taagcactta ccaaaacata tcattaaact
     2101 gagtgctggg agtgagttgg taatatgaga tgggaaggaa tgttgacttg ctaacattcc
     2161 tttaacaagt taagaaaact tgttaaatgt agaaattagt agaatcatgc tctctaaatt
     2221 tattctgcca tagaaggtag aaatattttt aagctcctct gatgcagcag caatgcaaat
     2281 tatgacatag tgaatataga actatgcagt atttaagcct caacaatcca aatctacaaa
     2341 ctttaacaat gcaagtctta ctctaatttt taagtatttt tgttggtact tacatgggtt
     2401 ataaatcctc tctctggaca tcaatgtaga gtccatcttt caagcacttt aattttttta
     2461 gctgccaaag ggtatgaatt acattattgt atgctaattt ccctgaaatc aatgccttct
     2521 atgttcacca cagggataca agcctgttat gtttgatggg aaagaccact acaatctaat
     2581 ggtgatctaa aataactttt ttgggctggg tgcagtggct catgcctata atcttagcac
     2641 tttgggaggc caaggtagga ggattgcttg aagctaggag tttgagacca gcctgggcaa
     2701 cagggtaagg tcctgtctct acaagatcaa aaacttagcc gggtatggtg gtgcatgtgt
     2761 gcctgtagtc caagctactt gaaggctgag acaggaggat cggttgagcc caggaggttg
     2821 tggctgcagt gagctgtgat gtgcccttat gctatagcct gggcaagagc gtgagaccct
     2881 gtctcaaaga agaaaaaaag agaaaaataa ctcttttgaa caaacagaca aattagctag
     2941 tagtatggag atgtataccc tctattacac acataaaacc gtaacaaaat tcattgtggt
     3001 gtattataat tagttttgtg aatagaaaaa taaagcactt atgtttaaat ttgttacagt
     3061 gacttttaaa ggattaatgt tgaatcacat tgtcagaatt ttttcctcct cgctgttcaa
     3121 ttttgtagtt tttactctca aaaaatgaaa ttctcaaaat tatatagctt tttgttttgt
     3181 ttgaataaat gattcattcc tgttt
//
