LOCUS       NM_001251               1705 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 28-APR-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens CD68 molecule (CD68), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001251
VERSION     NM_001251.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Tomarchio,V. and Rigacci,L.
  TITLE     Role of CD68 in the tumor immune microenvironment in Hodgkin's
            lymphoma
  JOURNAL   Expert Rev Clin Immunol 20 (8), 811-819 (2024)
   PUBMED   38087440
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Role of CD68 in the tumor immune microenvironment in
            Hodgkin's lymphoma.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Rezagholizadeh,F., Tajik,F., Talebi,M., Taha,S.R., Shariat
            Zadeh,M., Farhangnia,P., Hosseini,H.S., Nazari,A., Mollazadeh
            Ghomi,S., Kamrani Mousavi,S.M., Haeri Moghaddam,N.,
            Khorramdelazad,H., Joghataei,M.T. and Safari,E.
  TITLE     Unraveling the potential of CD8, CD68, and VISTA as diagnostic and
            prognostic markers in patients with pancreatic ductal
            adenocarcinoma
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 15, 1283364 (2024)
   PUBMED   38357542
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Unraveling the potential of CD8, CD68, and VISTA as
            diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with pancreatic
            ductal adenocarcinoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Gosain,R., Motwani,R. and Anupama,H.
  TITLE     CD68 expression in the placenta of gestational diabetic mothers: A
            case-control study
  JOURNAL   Indian J Pathol Microbiol 66 (4), 727-731 (2023)
   PUBMED   38084523
  REMARK    GeneRIF: CD68 expression in the placenta of gestational diabetic
            mothers: A case-control study.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Abu-Elnasr Awwad,A., Hasan,R.A., Hablas,M.G.A., Mohammad Mohammad
            Abdelhay,O., Dawood,Y.M.A., Ahmed Mohamed,B., Rabou,K.A.A.,
            Salem,T.M.M., Elhady,M., Abd El-Aal,G.N., Ahmed,A.H.E., Ibrahim
            Mostafa Hasan,A., Elmadbouly,A.A.E., Yahia,M.B., Ashry,W.M.O., El
            Sayed,S.S.M.M., Algendy,A.M.M., Alkot,A.M.F., Farag,M.F., El
            Shenawy Emara,A.A.A., Elbayoumy,F.M.A.E., Ali,H.F., Aldesoky,M.M.,
            Abd-Eltwab,R.A., Manawy,S.M. and Mohamed Faruk,E.
  TITLE     Impact of vitamin D in children with chronic tonsillitis
            (immunohistochemical study of CD68 polarisation and proinflammatory
            cytokines estimation)
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 13 (1), 8014 (2023)
   PUBMED   37198277
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Impact of vitamin D in children with chronic tonsillitis
            (immunohistochemical study of CD68 polarisation and proinflammatory
            cytokines estimation).
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Swanson,M.E.V., Mrkela,M., Murray,H.C., Cao,M.C., Turner,C.,
            Curtis,M.A., Faull,R.L.M., Walker,A.K. and Scotter,E.L.
  TITLE     Microglial CD68 and L-ferritin upregulation in response to
            phosphorylated-TDP-43 pathology in the amyotrophic lateral
            sclerosis brain
  JOURNAL   Acta Neuropathol Commun 11 (1), 69 (2023)
   PUBMED   37118836
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Microglial CD68 and L-ferritin upregulation in response to
            phosphorylated-TDP-43 pathology in the amyotrophic lateral
            sclerosis brain.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Luo,C., Kallajoki,M., Gross,R., Mulari,M., Teros,T., Ylinen,L.,
            Makinen,M., Laine,J. and Simell,O.
  TITLE     Cellular distribution and contribution of cyclooxygenase COX-2 to
            diabetogenesis in NOD mouse
  JOURNAL   Cell Tissue Res 310 (2), 169-175 (2002)
   PUBMED   12397372
  REMARK    GeneRIF: CD68 was expressed in beta-cells of NOD mice by 14-17
            weeks of age, when a large proportion of these cells were
            infiltrated with lymphocytes and monocytes.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Wahl,S.M., Greenwell-Wild,T., Hale-Donze,H., Moutsopoulos,N. and
            Orenstein,J.M.
  TITLE     Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages
  JOURNAL   J Leukoc Biol 68 (3), 303-310 (2000)
   PUBMED   10985244
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Jones,E., Quinn,C.M., See,C.G., Montgomery,D.S., Ford,M.J.,
            Kolble,K., Gordon,S. and Greaves,D.R.
  TITLE     The linked human elongation initiation factor 4A1 (EIF4A1) and CD68
            genes map to chromosome 17p13
  JOURNAL   Genomics 53 (2), 248-250 (1998)
   PUBMED   9790779
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Charbord,P., Tavian,M., Humeau,L. and Peault,B.
  TITLE     Early ontogeny of the human marrow from long bones: an
            immunohistochemical study of hematopoiesis and its microenvironment
  JOURNAL   Blood 87 (10), 4109-4119 (1996)
   PUBMED   8639768
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1705)
  AUTHORS   Holness,C.L. and Simmons,D.L.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to
            lysosomal glycoproteins
  JOURNAL   Blood 81 (6), 1607-1613 (1993)
   PUBMED   7680921
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC015557.2 and AW294871.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001251.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that
            is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue macrophages. It
            is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane
            glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein primarily localizes to
            lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the
            cell surface. It is a type I integral membrane protein with a
            heavily glycosylated extracellular domain and binds to tissue- and
            organ-specific lectins or selectins. The protein is also a member
            of the scavenger receptor family. Scavenger receptors typically
            function to clear cellular debris, promote phagocytosis, and
            mediate the recruitment and activation of macrophages. Alternative
            splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different
            isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (A).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR3476690.424366.1,
                                           SRR3476690.292764.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000250092.11/ ENSP00000250092.6
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1618              BC015557.2         24-1641
            1619-1705           AW294871.1         17-103              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1705
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17p13.1"
     gene            1..1705
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /note="CD68 molecule"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:968"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:1693"
                     /db_xref="MIM:153634"
     exon            1..89
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             41..1105
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /note="isoform A precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; CD68 antigen; macrosialin; scavenger receptor
                     class D, member 1; macrophage antigen CD68"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="macrosialin isoform A precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001242.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11114.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:968"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:1693"
                     /db_xref="MIM:153634"
                     /translation="MRLAVLFSGALLGLLAAQGTGNDCPHKKSATLLPSFTVTPTVTE
                     STGTTSHRTTKSHKTTTHRTTTTGTTSHGPTTATHNPTTTSHGNVTVHPTSNSTATSQ
                     GPSTATHSPATTSHGNATVHPTSNSTATSPGFTSSAHPEPPPPSPSPSPTSKETIGDY
                     TWTNGSQPCVHLQAQIQIRVMYTTQGGGEAWGISVLNPNKTKVQGSCEGAHPHLLLSF
                     PYGHLSFGFMQDLQQKVVYLSYMAVEYNVSFPHAAQWTFSAQNASLRDLQAPLGQSFS
                     CSNSSIILSPAVHLDLLSLRLQAAQLPHTGVFGQSFSCPSDRSILLPLIIGLILLGLL
                     ALVLIAFCIIRRRPSAYQAL"
     exon            90..607
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            608..727
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            728..800
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            801..971
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            972..1705
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1681..1686
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      1705
                     /gene="CD68"
                     /gene_synonym="GP110; LAMP4; SCARD1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcagacagcc tagctggact ttgggtgagg cggttcagcc atgaggctgg ctgtgctttt
       61 ctcgggggcc ctgctggggc tactggcagc ccaggggaca gggaatgact gtcctcacaa
      121 aaaatcagct actttgctgc catccttcac ggtgacaccc acggttacag agagcactgg
      181 aacaaccagc cacaggacta ccaagagcca caaaaccacc actcacagga caaccaccac
      241 aggcaccacc agccacggac ccacgactgc cactcacaac cccaccacca ccagccatgg
      301 aaacgtcaca gttcatccaa caagcaatag cactgccacc agccagggac cctcaactgc
      361 cactcacagt cctgccacca ctagtcatgg aaatgccacg gttcatccaa caagcaacag
      421 cactgccacc agcccaggat tcaccagttc tgcccaccca gaaccacctc caccctctcc
      481 gagtcctagc ccaacctcca aggagaccat tggagactac acgtggacca atggttccca
      541 gccctgtgtc cacctccaag cccagattca gattcgagtc atgtacacaa cccagggtgg
      601 aggagaggcc tggggcatct ctgtactgaa ccccaacaaa accaaggtcc agggaagctg
      661 tgagggtgcc catccccacc tgcttctctc attcccctat ggacacctca gctttggatt
      721 catgcaggac ctccagcaga aggttgtcta cctgagctac atggcggtgg agtacaatgt
      781 gtccttcccc cacgcagcac agtggacatt ctcggctcag aatgcatccc ttcgagatct
      841 ccaagcaccc ctggggcaga gcttcagttg cagcaactcg agcatcattc tttcaccagc
      901 tgtccacctc gacctgctct ccctgaggct ccaggctgct cagctgcccc acacaggggt
      961 ctttgggcaa agtttctcct gccccagtga ccggtccatc ttgctgcctc tcatcatcgg
     1021 cctgatcctt cttggcctcc tcgccctggt gcttattgct ttctgcatca tccggagacg
     1081 cccatccgcc taccaggccc tctgagcatt tgcttcaaac cccagggcac tgagggggtt
     1141 ggggtgtggt gggggggtac ccttatttcc tcgacacgca actggctcaa agacaatgtt
     1201 attttccttc cctttcttga agaacaaaaa gaaagccggg catgacggct catgcctgta
     1261 atcccagcac tttgggaggc tgaggcaggt ggatcactgg aggtcaggag tttgagacca
     1321 gcctggccaa catggtgaaa ccctgtctct actaaaaata caattagcca ggtgtggcgg
     1381 cgtaatccca gctggcctgt aatcccagct acttgggagg ctgaggcaga actgcttgaa
     1441 cccaggaggt ggaggttgca gtgagccgtc atcgcgccac taagccaaga tcgcgccact
     1501 gcactccagc ctgggcgaca gagccagact gtctcaaata aataaatatg agataatgca
     1561 gtcgggagaa gggagggaga gaattttatt aaatgtgacg aactgccccc cccccccccc
     1621 cagcaggaga gcagcaaaat ttatgcaaat ctttgacggg gttttccttg tcctgccagg
     1681 attaaaagcc atgagtttct tgtca
//
