LOCUS       NM_006139               4721 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 03-AUG-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens CD28 molecule (CD28), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_006139
VERSION     NM_006139.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Xiong,Y., Taleb,M., Misawa,K., Hou,Z., Banerjee,S.,
            Amador-Molina,A., Jones,D.R., Chintala,N.K. and Adusumilli,P.S.
  TITLE     c-Kit signaling potentiates CAR T cell efficacy in solid tumors by
            CD28- and IL-2-independent co-stimulation
  JOURNAL   Nat Cancer 4 (7), 1001-1015 (2023)
   PUBMED   37336986
  REMARK    GeneRIF: c-Kit signaling potentiates CAR T cell efficacy in solid
            tumors by CD28- and IL-2-independent co-stimulation.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Pulanco,M.C., Madsen,A.T., Tanwar,A., Corrigan,D.T. and Zang,X.
  TITLE     Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new
            biology and clinical therapeutic strategies
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Immunol 20 (7), 694-713 (2023)
   PUBMED   37069229
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint
            families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies.
            Review article
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Mai,H.L., Degauque,N., Lorent,M., Rimbert,M., Renaudin,K.,
            Danger,R., Kerleau,C., Tilly,G., Vivet,A., Le Bot,S., Delbos,F.,
            Walencik,A., Giral,M. and Brouard,S.
  TITLE     Kidney allograft rejection is associated with an imbalance of B
            cells, regulatory T cells and differentiated CD28-CD8+ T cells:
            analysis of a cohort of 1095 graft biopsies
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 14, 1151127 (2023)
   PUBMED   37168864
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Kidney allograft rejection is associated with an imbalance
            of B cells, regulatory T cells and differentiated CD28-CD8+ T
            cells: analysis of a cohort of 1095 graft biopsies.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Gelemanovic,A., Catipovic Ardalic,T., Pribisalic,A., Hayward,C.,
            Kolcic,I. and Polasek,O.
  TITLE     Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Multiple Novel Rare Variants
            to Predict Common Human Infectious Diseases Risk
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 24 (8), 7006 (2023)
   PUBMED   37108169
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Multiple Novel Rare
            Variants to Predict Common Human Infectious Diseases Risk.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Liu,T.H., Lei,J.Y., Mai,Y.G. and Fang,J.P.
  TITLE     [Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Acute Leukemia Complicated with
            Septic Shock]
  JOURNAL   Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 30 (6), 1708-1714 (2022)
   PUBMED   36476893
  REMARK    GeneRIF: [Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Acute Leukemia Complicated
            with Septic Shock].
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Fraser,J.D., Newton,M.E. and Weiss,A.
  TITLE     CD28 and T cell antigen receptor signal transduction coordinately
            regulate interleukin 2 gene expression in response to superantigen
            stimulation
  JOURNAL   J Exp Med 175 (4), 1131-1134 (1992)
   PUBMED   1313075
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Zocchi,M.R., Poggi,A., Crosti,F., Tongiani,S. and Rugarli,C.
  TITLE     Signalling in human tumour infiltrating lymphocytes: the CD28
            molecule is functional and is physically associated with the CD45R0
            molecule
  JOURNAL   Eur J Cancer 28A (4-5), 749-754 (1992)
   PUBMED   1355979
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Linsley,P.S., Brady,W., Grosmaire,L., Aruffo,A., Damle,N.K. and
            Ledbetter,J.A.
  TITLE     Binding of the B cell activation antigen B7 to CD28 costimulates T
            cell proliferation and interleukin 2 mRNA accumulation
  JOURNAL   J Exp Med 173 (3), 721-730 (1991)
   PUBMED   1847722
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Gross,J.A., St John,T. and Allison,J.P.
  TITLE     The murine homologue of the T lymphocyte antigen CD28. Molecular
            cloning and cell surface expression
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 144 (8), 3201-3210 (1990)
   PUBMED   2157764
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4721)
  AUTHORS   Lafage-Pochitaloff,M., Costello,R., Couez,D., Simonetti,J.,
            Mannoni,P., Mawas,C. and Olive,D.
  TITLE     Human CD28 and CTLA-4 Ig superfamily genes are located on
            chromosome 2 at bands q33-q34
  JOURNAL   Immunogenetics 31 (3), 198-201 (1990)
   PUBMED   2156778
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC125238.5, AK292986.1,
            J02988.1, DA939711.1, AW241446.1, AA311148.1 and BF509568.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_006139.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell
            proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper
            type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript
            variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this
            gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant
            transcript, and encodes the longest isoform (1).
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: J02988.1, ERR279829.6684.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000324106.9/ ENSP00000324890.7
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-54                AC125238.5         99031-99084
            55-1064             AK292986.1         1-1010
            1065-1474           J02988.1           1105-1514
            1475-1710           DA939711.1         88-323
            1711-3134           AC125238.5         128294-129717
            3135-3643           AW241446.1         1-509               c
            3644-4126           AC125238.5         130227-130709
            4127-4600           AA311148.1         1-474
            4601-4716           AC125238.5         131184-131299
            4717-4721           BF509568.1         16-20               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4721
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2q33.2"
     gene            1..4721
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="CD28 molecule"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:940"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:1653"
                     /db_xref="MIM:186760"
     exon            1..110
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             59..721
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28
                     isoform 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_006130.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS2361.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:940"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:1653"
                     /db_xref="MIM:186760"
                     /translation="MLRLLLALNLFPSIQVTGNKILVKQSPMLVAYDNAVNLSCKYSY
                     NLFSREFRASLHKGLDSAVEVCVVYGNYSQQLQVYSKTGFNCDGKLGNESVTFYLQNL
                     YVNQTDIYFCKIEVMYPPPYLDNEKSNGTIIHVKGKHLCPSPLFPGPSKPFWVLVVVG
                     GVLACYSLLVTVAFIIFWVRSKRSRLLHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAY
                     RS"
     exon            111..467
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            468..592
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            593..4721
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3623..3628
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="hexamer: GATAAA"
     polyA_site      3641
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4191..4196
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4212
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
     regulatory      4697..4702
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4721
                     /gene="CD28"
                     /gene_synonym="IMD123; Tp44"
ORIGIN      
        1 acacttcggg ttcctcgggg aggaggggct ggaaccctag cccatcgtca ggacaaagat
       61 gctcaggctg ctcttggctc tcaacttatt cccttcaatt caagtaacag gaaacaagat
      121 tttggtgaag cagtcgccca tgcttgtagc gtacgacaat gcggtcaacc ttagctgcaa
      181 gtattcctac aatctcttct caagggagtt ccgggcatcc cttcacaaag gactggatag
      241 tgctgtggaa gtctgtgttg tatatgggaa ttactcccag cagcttcagg tttactcaaa
      301 aacggggttc aactgtgatg ggaaattggg caatgaatca gtgacattct acctccagaa
      361 tttgtatgtt aaccaaacag atatttactt ctgcaaaatt gaagttatgt atcctcctcc
      421 ttacctagac aatgagaaga gcaatggaac cattatccat gtgaaaggga aacacctttg
      481 tccaagtccc ctatttcccg gaccttctaa gcccttttgg gtgctggtgg tggttggtgg
      541 agtcctggct tgctatagct tgctagtaac agtggccttt attattttct gggtgaggag
      601 taagaggagc aggctcctgc acagtgacta catgaacatg actccccgcc gccccgggcc
      661 cacccgcaag cattaccagc cctatgcccc accacgcgac ttcgcagcct atcgctcctg
      721 acacggacgc ctatccagaa gccagccggc tggcagcccc catctgctca atatcactgc
      781 tctggatagg aaatgaccgc catctccagc cggccacctc aggcccctgt tgggccacca
      841 atgccaattt ttctcgagtg actagaccaa atatcaagat cattttgaga ctctgaaatg
      901 aagtaaaaga gatttcctgt gacaggccaa gtcttacagt gccatggccc acattccaac
      961 ttaccatgta cttagtgact tgactgagaa gttagggtag aaaacaaaaa gggagtggat
     1021 tctgggagcc tcttcccttt ctcactcacc tgcacatctc agtcaagcaa agtgtggtat
     1081 ccacagacat tttagttgca gaagaaaggc taggaaatca ttccttttgg ttaaatgggt
     1141 gtttaatctt ttggttagtg ggttaaacgg ggtaagttag agtaggggga gggataggaa
     1201 gacatattta aaaaccatta aaacactgtc tcccactcat gaaatgagcc acgtagttcc
     1261 tatttaatgc tgttttcctt tagtttagaa atacatagac attgtctttt atgaattctg
     1321 atcatattta gtcattttga ccaaatgagg gatttggtca aatgagggat tccctcaaag
     1381 caatatcagg taaaccaagt tgctttcctc actccctgtc atgagacttc agtgttaatg
     1441 ttcacaatat actttcgaaa gaataaaata gttctcctac atgaagaaag aatatgtcag
     1501 gaaataaggt cactttatgt caaaattatt tgagtactat gggacctggc gcagtggctc
     1561 atgcttgtaa tcccagcact ttgggaggcc gaggtgggca gatcacttga gatcaggacc
     1621 agcctggtca agatggtgaa actccgtctg tactaaaaat acaaaattta gcttggcctg
     1681 gtggcaggca cctgtaatcc cagctgccca agaggctgag gcatgagaat cgcttgaacc
     1741 tggcaggcgg aggttgcagt gagccgagat agtgccacag ctctccagcc tgggcgacag
     1801 agtgagactc catctcaaac aacaacaaca acaacaacaa caacaacaaa ccacaaaatt
     1861 atttgagtac tgtgaaggat tatttgtcta acagttcatt ccaatcagac caggtaggag
     1921 ctttcctgtt tcatatgttt cagggttgca cagttggtct ctttaatgtc ggtgtggaga
     1981 tccaaagtgg gttgtggaaa gagcgtccat aggagaagtg agaatactgt gaaaaaggga
     2041 tgttagcatt cattagagta tgaggatgag tcccaagaag gttctttgga aggaggacga
     2101 atagaatgga gtaatgaaat tcttgccatg tgctgaggag atagccagca ttaggtgaca
     2161 atcttccaga agtggtcagg cagaaggtgc cctggtgaga gctcctttac agggacttta
     2221 tgtggtttag ggctcagagc tccaaaactc tgggctcagc tgctcctgta ccttggaggt
     2281 ccattcacat gggaaagtat tttggaatgt gtcttttgaa gagagcatca gagttcttaa
     2341 gggactgggt aaggcctgac cctgaaatga ccatggatat ttttctacct acagtttgag
     2401 tcaactagaa tatgcctggg gaccttgaag aatggccctt cagtggccct caccatttgt
     2461 tcatgcttca gttaattcag gtgttgaagg agcttaggtt ttagaggcac gtagacttgg
     2521 ttcaagtctc gttagtagtt gaatagcctc aggcaagtca ctgcccacct aagatgatgg
     2581 ttcttcaact ataaaatgga gataatggtt acaaatgtct cttcctatag tataatctcc
     2641 ataagggcat ggcccaagtc tgtctttgac tctgcctatc cctgacattt agtagcatgc
     2701 ccgacataca atgttagcta ttggtattat tgccatatag ataaattatg tataaaaatt
     2761 aaactgggca atagcctaag aaggggggaa tattgtaaca caaatttaaa cccactacgc
     2821 agggatgagg tgctataata tgaggacctt ttaacttcca tcattttcct gtttcttgaa
     2881 atagtttatc ttgtaatgaa atataaggca cctcccactt ttatgtatag aaagaggtct
     2941 tttaattttt ttttaatgtg agaaggaagg gaggagtagg aatcttgaga ttccagatcg
     3001 aaaatactgt actttggttg atttttaagt gggcttccat tccatggatt taatcagtcc
     3061 caagaagatc aaactcagca gtacttgggt gctgaagaac tgttggattt accctggcac
     3121 gtgtgccact tgccagcttc ttgggcacac agagttcttc aatccaagtt atcagattgt
     3181 atttgaaaat gacagagctg gagagttttt tgaaatggca gtggcaaata aataaatact
     3241 tttttttaaa tggaaagact tgatctatgg taataaatga ttttgttttc tgactggaaa
     3301 aataggccta ctaaagatga atcacacttg agatgtttct tactcactct gcacagaaac
     3361 aaagaagaaa tgttatacag ggaagtccgt tttcactatt agtatgaacc aagaaatggt
     3421 tcaaaaacag tggtaggagc aatgctttca tagtttcaga tatggtagtt atgaagaaaa
     3481 caatgtcatt tgctgctatt attgtaagag tcttataatt aatggtactc ctataatttt
     3541 tgattgtgag ctcacctatt tgggttaagc atgccaattt aaagagacca agtgtatgta
     3601 cattatgttc tacatattca gtgataaaat tactaaacta ctatatgtct gctttaaatt
     3661 tgtactttaa tattgtcttt tggtattaag aaagatatgc tttcagaata gatatgcttc
     3721 gctttggcaa ggaatttgga tagaacttgc tatttaaaag aggtgtgggg taaatccttg
     3781 tataaatctc cagtttagcc ttttttgaaa aagctagact ttcaaatact aatttcactt
     3841 caagcagggt acgtttctgg tttgtttgct tgacttcagt cacaatttct tatcagacca
     3901 atggctgacc tctttgagat gtcaggctag gcttacctat gtgttctgtg tcatgtgaat
     3961 gctgagaagt ttgacagaga tccaacttca gccttgaccc catcagtccc tcgggttaac
     4021 taactgagcc accggtcctc atggctattt taatgagggt attgatggtt aaatgcatgt
     4081 ctgatccctt atcccagcca tttgcactgc cagctgggaa ctataccaga cctggatact
     4141 gatcccaaag tgttaaattc aactacatgc tggagattag agatggtgcc aataaaggac
     4201 ccagaaccag gatcttgatt gctatagact tattaataat ccaggtcaaa gagagtgaca
     4261 cacactctct caagacctgg ggtgagggag tctgtgttat ctgcaaggcc atttgaggct
     4321 cagaaagtct ctctttccta tagatatatg catactttct gacatatagg aatgtatcag
     4381 gaatactcaa ccatcacagg catgttccta cctcagggcc tttacatgtc ctgtttactc
     4441 tgtctagaat gtccttctgt agatgacctg gcttgcctcg tcacccttca ggtccttgct
     4501 caagtgtcat cttctcccct agttaaacta ccccacaccc tgtctgcttt ccttgcttat
     4561 ttttctccat agcattttac catctcttac attagacatt tttcttattt atttgtagtt
     4621 tataagcttc atgaggcaag taactttgct ttgtttcttg ctgtatctcc agtgcccaga
     4681 gcagtgcctg gtatataata aatatttatt gactgagtga a
//
