LOCUS       NM_031938               2902 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 07-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2), transcript variant
            1, mRNA; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_031938
VERSION     NM_031938.7
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Thomas,L.D., Bandara,S., Parmar,V.M., Srinivasagan,R., Khadka,N.,
            Golczak,M., Kiser,P.D. and von Lintig,J.
  TITLE     The human mitochondrial enzyme BCO2 exhibits catalytic activity
            toward carotenoids and apocarotenoids
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 295 (46), 15553-15565 (2020)
   PUBMED   32873706
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The human mitochondrial enzyme BCO2 exhibits catalytic
            activity toward carotenoids and apocarotenoids.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Poliakov,E., Uppal,S., Rogozin,I.B., Gentleman,S. and Redmond,T.M.
  TITLE     Evolutionary aspects and enzymology of metazoan carotenoid cleavage
            oxygenases
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1865 (11), 158665 (2020)
   PUBMED   32061750
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Evolutionary aspects and enzymology of metazoan carotenoid
            cleavage oxygenases.
            Review article
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Harrison,E.H. and Kopec,R.E.
  TITLE     Enzymology of vertebrate carotenoid oxygenases
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1865 (11), 158653 (2020)
   PUBMED   32035229
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Enzymology of vertebrate carotenoid oxygenases.
            Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Zhao,T.Y., Li,Z., Lei,S., Huang,L. and Yang,L.
  TITLE     Associations for BCO2, PCSK9, and TR1B1 Polymorphism and Lifestyle
            Factors with Ischemic Stroke: A Nested Case-Control Study
  JOURNAL   Yonsei Med J 60 (7), 659-666 (2019)
   PUBMED   31250580
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Associations for BCO2, PCSK9, and TR1B1 Polymorphism and
            Lifestyle Factors with Ischemic Stroke
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Gong,X., Marisiddaiah,R., Zaripheh,S., Wiener,D. and Rubin,L.P.
  TITLE     Mitochondrial beta-Carotene 9',10' Oxygenase Modulates Prostate
            Cancer Growth via NF-kappaB Inhibition: A Lycopene-Independent
            Function
  JOURNAL   Mol Cancer Res 14 (10), 966-975 (2016)
   PUBMED   27406826
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Study identifies BCO2 as a tumor suppressor in prostate
            cancer which mediates inhibition of NF-kB signaling. Its expression
            is decreased in human prostate cancer.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Melzer,D., Perry,J.R., Hernandez,D., Corsi,A.M., Stevens,K.,
            Rafferty,I., Lauretani,F., Murray,A., Gibbs,J.R., Paolisso,G.,
            Rafiq,S., Simon-Sanchez,J., Lango,H., Scholz,S., Weedon,M.N.,
            Arepalli,S., Rice,N., Washecka,N., Hurst,A., Britton,A., Henley,W.,
            van de Leemput,J., Li,R., Newman,A.B., Tranah,G., Harris,T.,
            Panicker,V., Dayan,C., Bennett,A., McCarthy,M.I., Ruokonen,A.,
            Jarvelin,M.R., Guralnik,J., Bandinelli,S., Frayling,T.M.,
            Singleton,A. and Ferrucci,L.
  TITLE     A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative
            trait loci (pQTLs)
  JOURNAL   PLoS Genet 4 (5), e1000072 (2008)
   PUBMED   18464913
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Wang,A.G., Yoon,S.Y., Oh,J.H., Jeon,Y.J., Kim,M., Kim,J.M.,
            Byun,S.S., Yang,J.O., Kim,J.H., Kim,D.G., Yeom,Y.I., Yoo,H.S.,
            Kim,Y.S. and Kim,N.S.
  TITLE     Identification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma related genes by
            comparison with normal liver tissues using expressed sequence tags
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345 (3), 1022-1032 (2006)
   PUBMED   16712791
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Lindqvist,A., He,Y.G. and Andersson,S.
  TITLE     Cell type-specific expression of beta-carotene 9',10'-monooxygenase
            in human tissues
  JOURNAL   J Histochem Cytochem 53 (11), 1403-1412 (2005)
   PUBMED   15983114
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   von Lintig,J., Hessel,S., Isken,A., Kiefer,C., Lampert,J.M.,
            Voolstra,O. and Vogt,K.
  TITLE     Towards a better understanding of carotenoid metabolism in animals
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1740 (2), 122-131 (2005)
   PUBMED   15949678
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2902)
  AUTHORS   Kiefer,C., Hessel,S., Lampert,J.M., Vogt,K., Lederer,M.O.,
            Breithaupt,D.E. and von Lintig,J.
  TITLE     Identification and characterization of a mammalian enzyme
            catalyzing the asymmetric oxidative cleavage of provitamin A
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276 (17), 14110-14116 (2001)
   PUBMED   11278918
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AP002884.5.
            
            On Aug 31, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_031938.6.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes an enzyme which oxidizes carotenoids
            such as beta-carotene during the biosynthesis of vitamin A.
            Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been
            found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest
            transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform a).
            
            Sequence Note: The length of the 3' UTR is inferred by transcript
            alignments and contains sequence that has been designated as a
            pseudogene of RPS12 (GeneID 100271550, RPS12P21).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: DRR138520.660400.1, AJ290393.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968968, SAMEA2142853
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000357685.11/ ENSP00000350314.5
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-178               AP002884.5         26739-26916
            179-383             AP002884.5         30505-30709
            384-607             AP002884.5         44701-44924
            608-723             AP002884.5         45106-45221
            724-826             AP002884.5         45880-45982
            827-955             AP002884.5         50926-51054
            956-1116            AP002884.5         51840-52000
            1117-1284           AP002884.5         53250-53417
            1285-1422           AP002884.5         64951-65088
            1423-1605           AP002884.5         65989-66171
            1606-1716           AP002884.5         67447-67557
            1717-2902           AP002884.5         68988-70173
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2902
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q23.1"
     gene            1..2902
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="beta-carotene oxygenase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:83875"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18503"
                     /db_xref="MIM:611740"
     exon            1..178
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             91..1830
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /EC_number="1.13.11.71"
                     /note="isoform a is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     beta-carotene 9',10' oxygenase; beta-carotene dioxygenase
                     2; carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase;
                     beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase;
                     b,b-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase; carotenoid-cleaving
                     dioxygenase, mitochondrial"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial
                     isoform a"
                     /protein_id="NP_114144.5"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS8358.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:83875"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18503"
                     /db_xref="MIM:611740"
                     /translation="MFFRVFLHFIRSHSATAVDFLPVMVHRLPVFKRYMGNTPQKKAV
                     FGQCRGLPCVAPLLTTVEEAPRGISARVWGHFPKWLNGSLLRIGPGKFEFGKDKYNHW
                     FDGMALLHQFRMAKGTVTYRSKFLQSDTYKANSAKNRIVISEFGTLALPDPCKNVFER
                     FMSRFELPGKAAAMTDNTNVNYVRYKGDYYLCTETNFMNKVDIETLEKTEKVDWSKFI
                     AVNGATAHPHYDLDGTAYNMGNSFGPYGFSYKVIRVPPEKVDLGETIHGVQVICSIAS
                     TEKGKPSYYHSFGMTRNYIIFIEQPLKMNLWKIATSKIRGKAFSDGISWEPQCNTRFH
                     VVEKRTGQLLPGRYYSKPFVTFHQINAFEDQGCVIIDLCCQDNGRTLEVYQLQNLRKA
                     GEGLDQVHNSAAKSFPRRFVLPLNVSLNAPEGDNLSPLSYTSASAVKQADGTIWCSHE
                     NLHQEDLEKEGGIEFPQIYYDRFSGKKYHFFYGCGFRHLVGDSLIKVDVVNKTLKVWR
                     EDGFYPSEPVFVPAPGTNEEDGGVILSVVITPNQNESNFILVLDAKNFEELGRAEVPV
                     QMPYGFHGTFIPI"
     exon            179..383
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            384..607
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            608..723
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            724..826
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            827..955
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            956..1116
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1117..1284
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1285..1422
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1423..1605
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1606..1716
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1717..2902
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2071..2076
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     regulatory      2077..2082
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2090
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     polyA_site      2094
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2680..2685
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2715
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
     regulatory      2878..2883
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2902
                     /gene="BCO2"
                     /gene_synonym="B-DIOX-II; BCDO2"
ORIGIN      
        1 aggcagttct gtgcgtgttc actgtttagt agtactcaaa actgccagtg tgagaggatt
       61 tggaaatcac tggatctgct caatacaaaa atgttttttc gagtctttct ccattttatc
      121 aggagtcatt ctgccactgc agtggatttc cttcctgtga tggtgcaccg gctcccagtt
      181 ttcaaaaggt acatgggaaa tactcctcag aaaaaagccg tctttgggca gtgtcggggt
      241 ctgccatgtg ttgcaccgct gctgaccaca gtggaagagg ctccacgggg catctctgct
      301 cgagtctggg gacattttcc taagtggctc aatggctctc tacttcgaat tggacctggg
      361 aaattcgagt ttgggaagga taagtacaat cattggtttg atgggatggc gctgcttcac
      421 cagttcagaa tggcaaaggg cacagtgaca tacaggagca agtttctaca gagtgataca
      481 tataaggcca acagtgctaa aaaccgaatt gtgatctcag aatttggcac actggctctc
      541 ccggatccat gcaagaatgt ttttgaacgt ttcatgtcca ggtttgagct gcctggtaaa
      601 gctgcagcca tgactgacaa tactaatgtc aactatgtgc ggtacaaggg tgattactac
      661 ctctgcactg agaccaactt tatgaataaa gtggacattg aaactctgga aaaaacagaa
      721 aaggtagatt ggagcaaatt tattgctgtg aatggagcaa ctgcacatcc tcattatgac
      781 ctggatggaa cagcatacaa tatggggaac tcctttgggc catatggttt ctcctataag
      841 gttattcggg ttcctccaga gaaggtggac cttggggaga caatccatgg agtccaggtg
      901 atatgttcta ttgcttctac agagaaaggg aaaccttctt actaccatag ctttggaatg
      961 acaaggaact atataatttt cattgaacaa cctctaaaga tgaacctgtg gaaaattgcc
     1021 acttctaaaa ttcggggaaa ggccttttca gatgggataa gctgggaacc ccagtgtaat
     1081 acgcggtttc atgtggtgga aaaacgcact ggacagctcc ttccagggag atactacagc
     1141 aaaccttttg ttacatttca tcaaatcaat gcctttgagg accagggctg tgttataatt
     1201 gatttgtgct gtcaagataa tggaagaacc ctagaagttt accagttaca gaatctcagg
     1261 aaggctgggg aagggcttga tcaggtccat aattcagcag ccaaatcttt ccctcgaagg
     1321 tttgttttgc ctttaaatgt cagtttgaat gcccctgagg gagacaacct gagtccattg
     1381 tcctatactt cagccagtgc tgtgaaacag gctgatggaa cgatctggtg ctctcatgaa
     1441 aatctacatc aggaggacct agaaaaggaa ggaggcattg aatttcctca gatctactat
     1501 gatcgattca gtggcaaaaa gtatcatttc ttttatggct gtggctttcg gcatttagtg
     1561 ggggattctc tgatcaaggt tgatgtggtg aataagacac tgaaggtttg gagagaagat
     1621 ggcttttatc cctcagaacc tgtttttgtt ccagcaccag gaaccaatga agaagatggt
     1681 ggggttattc tttctgtggt gatcactccc aaccagaatg aaagcaattt tatcctagtt
     1741 ttggatgcca agaactttga agagctgggc cgagcagagg tacctgtgca gatgccttat
     1801 gggttccatg gtaccttcat acccatctga tgggacaacc acaaggtctg gaaactaggt
     1861 ttaaaataag tgtgcacttg gacataaaga ctggagaaat aaacactgag gactccaaaa
     1921 ggggggcaag gaggaagagg ggcaggggtt aaaaagctac ctattgaata ctatgttccc
     1981 tatttgggtg atgggttcgt tagaagtcca aacctcagca gcacacaata tactcatgta
     2041 acaagcctgc acatgtaccc cagaatctaa aataaaaata aaaagaaaaa caaagaatgt
     2101 actctataca aaagacagag cataaagggc accgtacctc ccaaaccaat gtcccaaata
     2161 gacatttagt ttaaaaattt ctgttaaaaa cagaattcac tatttccttg ccactgccaa
     2221 gtcacgccat ggcagaggct cgagtgcata caagcttcgg ttttaccctt aatacaccat
     2281 catgaccaat ggaggcattg ctgctggagg tgtcatggcc attaacacta ctttataaga
     2341 ggtgcggaag actgccctca ctcatcatgg cctagcatgt gcaatttgtg aagctgccaa
     2401 agcgttagac aagcaccaag cccacttttg tctgcctgca cccaactgca atgagcctat
     2461 gtatgtcaag ttggtggagt cccatggtgc tgaacaccaa ctcaccctaa ttaaggttga
     2521 tgacaacaag aaaccagagg aatgggtagg cctctgtaaa actgagaggg aaacccccga
     2581 aaagtggttg gctgcagttg tgcagtagtt aaggactagg tcaaagaatc ttaagtcaag
     2641 gatgtcatcg aagagtattt caaatgtaag aaatgaacaa ataaaacttt ggcactcatg
     2701 tttcttaaga aaaaacacca caaagcagaa ttcataatat aactatggtt atagatattt
     2761 attttttagg gctcttactt gaaataatta agaaagtatt gatacaacct tttgaagagg
     2821 gttttaaatt tcatttattg gatatatctt cctctaggta ataataagaa tacacgaaat
     2881 aaaaattcat gtattttggt ca
//
