LOCUS       NM_001201352            1448 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 22-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (ASGR2), transcript
            variant 4, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001201352
VERSION     NM_001201352.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Tanaka,H., Kanda,M., Miwa,T., Tanaka,C., Kobayashi,D., Umeda,S.,
            Shibata,M., Suenaga,M., Hattori,N., Hayashi,M., Iwata,N.,
            Yamada,S., Nakayama,G., Fujiwara,M. and Kodera,Y.
  TITLE     Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of
            Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer
  JOURNAL   Mol Cancer Res 16 (9), 1420-1429 (2018)
   PUBMED   29784667
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Although gastric cancer cell-invasive activity was
            significantly decreased by knockdown, forced expression of ASGR2
            promoted invasive activity.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Mkhwanazi,N.K., de Koning,C.B., van Otterlo,W.A.L., Ariatti,M. and
            Singh,M.
  TITLE     PEGylation potentiates hepatoma cell targeted liposome-mediated in
            vitro gene delivery via the asialoglycoprotein receptor
  JOURNAL   Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 72 (7-8), 293-301 (2017)
   PUBMED   28063265
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PEGylated lipoplexes were well tolerated by both HEK293
            (ASGP-R-negative) and HepG2 (ASGP-R-positive) cell lines and
            delivered DNA to the hepatoma cell line HepG2 by ASGP-R mediation
            at levels three-fold greater than nonPEGylated lipoplexes.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Yik,J.H., Saxena,A. and Weigel,P.H.
  TITLE     The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the human
            asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1
            in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (25), 23076-23083 (2002)
   PUBMED   11943787
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the
            human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major
            subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Yago,H., Kohgo,Y., Kato,J., Watanabe,N., Sakamaki,S. and Niitsu,Y.
  TITLE     Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor
            in human serum
  JOURNAL   Hepatology 21 (2), 383-388 (1995)
   PUBMED   7843709
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Paietta,E., Stockert,R.J. and Racevskis,J.
  TITLE     Alternatively spliced variants of the human hepatic
            asialoglycoprotein receptor, H2, differ in cellular trafficking and
            regulation of phosphorylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (16), 11078-11084 (1992)
   PUBMED   1597447
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Paietta,E., Stockert,R.J. and Racevskis,J.
  TITLE     Differences in the abundance of variably spliced transcripts for
            the second asialoglycoprotein receptor polypeptide, H2, in normal
            and transformed human liver
  JOURNAL   Hepatology 15 (3), 395-402 (1992)
   PUBMED   1371982
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Geffen,I., Fuhrer,C. and Spiess,M.
  TITLE     Endocytosis by the asialoglycoprotein receptor is independent of
            cytoplasmic serine residues
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (19), 8425-8429 (1991)
   PUBMED   1924301
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Bischoff,J., Libresco,S., Shia,M.A. and Lodish,H.F.
  TITLE     The H1 and H2 polypeptides associate to form the asialoglycoprotein
            receptor in human hepatoma cells
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 106 (4), 1067-1074 (1988)
   PUBMED   2834401
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1448)
  AUTHORS   Spiess,M. and Lodish,H.F.
  TITLE     Sequence of a second human asialoglycoprotein receptor:
            conservation of two receptor genes during evolution
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 (19), 6465-6469 (1985)
   PUBMED   3863106
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC120057.9, BM561839.1,
            AF529374.1 and M11025.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Apr 13, 2021 this sequence version replaced NM_001201352.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein
            receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a
            critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the
            endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed
            terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The
            asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by
            multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for
            liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a
            hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits,
            which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this
            gene is the less abundant minor subunit. Alternatively spliced
            transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed
            for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (4), also known as H2b, differs in
            the 5' UTR and uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding
            region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'.
            The encoded isoform (d) is shorter than isoform a.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR14038195.2718745.1,
                                           SRR5189661.155661.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2162895 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000691900.1/ ENSP00000510808.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-11                AC120057.9         68958-68968         c
            12-278              BM561839.1         294-560
            279-1199            AF529374.1         1-921
            1200-1448           M11025.1           1057-1305
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1448
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17p13.1"
     gene            1..1448
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /note="asialoglycoprotein receptor 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:433"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:743"
                     /db_xref="MIM:108361"
     exon            1..208
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            209..402
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             279..1199
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /note="isoform d is encoded by transcript variant 4;
                     HBxAg-binding protein; hepatic lectin H2; C-type lectin
                     domain family 4 member H2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform d"
                     /protein_id="NP_001188281.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS92242.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:433"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:743"
                     /db_xref="MIM:108361"
                     /translation="MAKDFQDIQQLSSEENDHPFHQGEGPGTRRLNPRRGNPFLKGPP
                     PAQPLAQRLCSMVCFSLLALSFNILLLVVICVTGSQSAQLQAELRSLKEAFSNFSSST
                     LTEVQAISTHGGSVGDKITSLGAKLEKQQQDLKADHDALLFHLKHFPVDLRFVACQME
                     LLHSNGSQRTCCPVNWVEHQGSCYWFSHSGKAWAEAEKYCQLENAHLVVINSWEEQKF
                     IVQHTNPFNTWIGLTDSDGSWKWVDGTDYRHNYKNWAVTQPDNWHGHELGGSEDCVEV
                     QPDGRWNDDFCLQVYRWVCEKRRNATGEVA"
     exon            403..519
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            520..615
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            616..687
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            688..774
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            775..926
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            927..1033
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1034..1448
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1435..1440
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /note="hexamer: AACAAA"
     polyA_site      1448
                     /gene="ASGR2"
                     /gene_synonym="ASGP-R2; ASGPR2; CLEC4H2; HBXBP; HL-2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 actgtccaaa gtcccaggcc aggaggtgcc aggttagagc ttggacactc agaccctcca
       61 gtgcaggcct tgcccggacc agcccctcct ccactctcct ctcccctgtg agctccacct
      121 gccccagttc tcctggcttt aacccctcct tggccaaggc cagggttgcc tgcgggagcc
      181 aggtgtccgc tctccacacc tttcacagcc ccagccctca gagcaacctc agcccagccc
      241 agcccagctc cagctccagc tccagcccgg gccccatcat ggccaaggac tttcaagata
      301 tccagcagct gagctcggag gaaaatgacc atcctttcca tcaaggtgag gggccaggca
      361 ctcgcaggct gaatcccagg agaggaaatc catttttgaa agggccacct cctgcccagc
      421 ccctggcaca gcgtctctgc tccatggtct gcttcagtct gcttgccctg agcttcaaca
      481 tcctgctgct ggtggtcatc tgtgtgactg ggtcccaaag tgcacagctg caagccgagc
      541 tgcggagcct gaaggaagct ttcagcaact tctcctcgag caccctgacg gaggtccagg
      601 caatcagcac ccacggaggc agcgtgggtg acaagatcac atccctagga gccaagctgg
      661 agaaacagca gcaggacctg aaagcagatc acgatgccct gctcttccat ctgaagcact
      721 tccccgtgga cctgcgcttc gtggcctgcc agatggagct cctccacagc aacggctccc
      781 aaaggacctg ctgccccgtc aactgggtgg agcaccaagg cagctgctac tggttctctc
      841 actccgggaa ggcctgggct gaggcggaga agtactgcca gctggagaac gcacacctgg
      901 tggtcatcaa ctcctgggag gagcagaaat tcattgtaca acacacgaac cccttcaata
      961 cctggatagg tctcacggac agtgatggct cttggaaatg ggtggatggc acagactata
     1021 ggcacaacta caagaactgg gctgtcactc agccagataa ttggcacggg cacgagctgg
     1081 gtggaagtga agactgtgtt gaagtccagc cggatggccg ctggaacgat gacttctgcc
     1141 tgcaggtgta ccgctgggtg tgtgagaaaa ggcggaatgc caccggcgag gtggcctgac
     1201 cccagcacac ctctggctaa cccatacccc acacctgccc agctctggct tctctgttga
     1261 ggattttgag gaaaggaaga aacactgaga caggggtatg gggaagagct gagcaaagag
     1321 agaaaggagg tagtttaaga gtccctgacc ctggaggact gagatcccac ctccttctgt
     1381 aattcattgt aattattata atcgtcagcc tcttcaatgg cgtaggaaag aagaaacaaa
     1441 tgcttgaa
//
