LOCUS       NM_000042               1174 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 07-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens apolipoprotein H (APOH), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000042
VERSION     NM_000042.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   He,X., Zhang,J., Huang,M., Wang,J., Yang,S., Yu,X., Xu,Y. and
            Yang,W.
  TITLE     Serum apolipoprotein H determines ferroptosis resistance by
            modulating cellular lipid composition
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (10), 718 (2024)
   PUBMED   39353906
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serum apolipoprotein H determines ferroptosis resistance
            by modulating cellular lipid composition.
            Erratum:[Cell Death Dis. 2024 Dec 3;15(12):875. doi:
            10.1038/s41419-024-07181-9.. PMID: 39627207]
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Yu,Z., Xiao,C., Liu,R., Pi,D., Jin,B., Zou,Z. and Xu,F.
  TITLE     The protective effect of apolipoprotein H in paediatric sepsis
  JOURNAL   Crit Care 28 (1), 36 (2024)
   PUBMED   38291524
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The protective effect of apolipoprotein H in paediatric
            sepsis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Liu,Y., Zhao,Y., Liu,Q., Li,B., Daniel,P.V., Chen,B. and Wu,Z.
  TITLE     Effects of apolipoprotein H downregulation on lipid metabolism,
            fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota dysbiosis
  JOURNAL   J Lipid Res 65 (1), 100483 (2024)
   PUBMED   38101620
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Effects of apolipoprotein H downregulation on lipid
            metabolism, fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Deng,X., Sang,Q., Zhang,R., Mu,J. and Bao,S.
  TITLE     The association of APOH and NCF1 polymorphisms on susceptibility to
            recurrent pregnancy loss in women with antiphospholipid syndrome
  JOURNAL   J Assist Reprod Genet 40 (7), 1703-1712 (2023)
   PUBMED   37243946
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The association of APOH and NCF1 polymorphisms on
            susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss in women with
            antiphospholipid syndrome.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Kumar,S., Chinnaraj,M., Planer,W., Zuo,X., Macor,P., Tedesco,F. and
            Pozzi,N.
  TITLE     An allosteric redox switch in domain V of beta2-glycoprotein I
            controls membrane binding and anti-domain I autoantibody
            recognition
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 297 (2), 100890 (2021)
   PUBMED   34197876
  REMARK    GeneRIF: An allosteric redox switch in domain V of
            beta2-glycoprotein I controls membrane binding and anti-domain I
            autoantibody recognition.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Steinkasserer,A., Barlow,P.N., Willis,A.C., Kertesz,Z.,
            Campbell,I.D., Sim,R.B. and Norman,D.G.
  TITLE     Activity, disulphide mapping and structural modelling of the fifth
            domain of human beta 2-glycoprotein I
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 313 (2), 193-197 (1992)
   PUBMED   1426288
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Matsuura,E., Igarashi,Y., Fujimoto,M., Ichikawa,K., Suzuki,T.,
            Sumida,T., Yasuda,T. and Koike,T.
  TITLE     Heterogeneity of anticardiolipin antibodies defined by the
            anticardiolipin cofactor
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 148 (12), 3885-3891 (1992)
   PUBMED   1602135
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Steinkasserer,A., Cockburn,D.J., Black,D.M., Boyd,Y., Solomon,E.
            and Sim,R.B.
  TITLE     Assignment of apolipoprotein H (APOH: beta-2-glycoprotein I) to
            human chromosome 17q23----qter; determination of the major
            expression site
  JOURNAL   Cytogenet Cell Genet 60 (1), 31-33 (1992)
   PUBMED   1582254
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Day,J.R., O'Hara,P.J., Grant,F.J., Lofton-Day,C., Berkaw,M.N.,
            Werner,P. and Arnaud,P.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human
            apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I)
  JOURNAL   Int J Clin Lab Res 21 (3), 256-263 (1992)
   PUBMED   1339416
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1174)
  AUTHORS   Polz,E. and Kostner,G.M.
  TITLE     The binding of beta 2-glycoprotein-I to human serum lipoproteins:
            distribution among density fractions
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 102 (1), 183-186 (1979)
   PUBMED   222615
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BG566874.1 and BC026283.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000042.2.
            
            Summary: Apolipoprotein H, also known as beta-2-glycoprotein I, is
            a component of circulating plasma lipoproteins. It has been
            implicated in a variety of physiologic pathways including
            lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation, hemostasis, and the production
            of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. APOH may be a required cofactor
            for anionic phospholipid binding by the antiphospholipid
            autoantibodies found in sera of many patients with lupus and
            primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The anti-beta (2)
            glycoprotein I antibodies from APS patients, mediate inhibition of
            activated protein C which has anticoagulant properties. Because
            beta-2-GPI is the main autoantigen in patients with APS, the
            disruption of this pathway by autoantibodies may be an important
            mechanism for thrombosis in patients with APS.[provided by RefSeq,
            Dec 2019].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X57847.1, M62839.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2145122, SAMEA2162895
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000205948.11/ ENSP00000205948.6
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-5                 BG566874.1         24-28
            6-1174              BC026283.1         1-1169
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1174
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17q24.2"
     gene            1..1174
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /note="apolipoprotein H"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:350"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:616"
                     /db_xref="MIM:138700"
     exon            1..100
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             37..1074
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /note="beta-2-glycoprotein 1; beta(2)GPI; APC inhibitor;
                     anticardiolipin cofactor; activated protein C-binding
                     protein; B2GPI; apo-H; apolipoprotein H
                     (beta-2-glycoprotein I); epididymis secretory sperm
                     binding protein"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000033.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11663.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:350"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:616"
                     /db_xref="MIM:138700"
                     /translation="MISPVLILFSSFLCHVAIAGRTCPKPDDLPFSTVVPLKTFYEPG
                     EEITYSCKPGYVSRGGMRKFICPLTGLWPINTLKCTPRVCPFAGILENGAVRYTTFEY
                     PNTISFSCNTGFYLNGADSAKCTEEGKWSPELPVCAPIICPPPSIPTFATLRVYKPSA
                     GNNSLYRDTAVFECLPQHAMFGNDTITCTTHGNWTKLPECREVKCPFPSRPDNGFVNY
                     PAKPTLYYKDKATFGCHDGYSLDGPEEIECTKLGNWSAMPSCKASCKVPVKKATVVYQ
                     GERVKIQEKFKNGMLHGDKVSFFCKNKEKKCSYTEDAQCIDGTIEVPKCFKEHSSLAF
                     WKTDASDVKPC"
     exon            101..277
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            278..374
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            375..451
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            452..640
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            641..820
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            821..1018
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1019..1174
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1148..1153
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1174
                     /gene="APOH"
                     /gene_synonym="B2G1; B2GP1; BG"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aaaccacttt ggtagtgcca gtgtgactca tccacaatga tttctccagt gctcatcttg
       61 ttctcgagtt ttctctgcca tgttgctatt gcaggacgga cctgtcccaa gccagatgat
      121 ttaccatttt ccacagtggt cccgttaaaa acattctatg agccaggaga agagattacg
      181 tattcctgca agccgggcta tgtgtcccga ggagggatga gaaagtttat ctgccctctc
      241 acaggactgt ggcccatcaa cactctgaaa tgtacaccca gagtatgtcc ttttgctgga
      301 atcttagaaa atggagccgt acgctatacg acttttgaat atcccaacac gatcagtttt
      361 tcttgtaaca ctgggtttta tctgaatggc gctgattctg ccaagtgcac tgaggaagga
      421 aaatggagcc cggagcttcc tgtctgtgct cccatcatct gccctccacc atccatacct
      481 acgtttgcaa cacttcgtgt ttataagcca tcagctggaa acaattccct ctatcgggac
      541 acagcagttt ttgaatgttt gccacaacat gcgatgtttg gaaatgatac aattacctgc
      601 acgacacatg gaaattggac taaattacca gaatgcaggg aagtaaaatg cccattccca
      661 tcaagaccag acaatggatt tgtgaactat cctgcaaaac caacacttta ttacaaggat
      721 aaagccacat ttggctgcca tgatggatat tctctggatg gcccggaaga aatagaatgt
      781 accaaactgg gaaactggtc tgccatgcca agttgtaaag catcttgtaa agtacctgtg
      841 aaaaaagcca ctgtggtgta ccaaggagag agagtaaaga ttcaggaaaa atttaagaat
      901 ggaatgctac atggtgataa agtttctttc ttctgcaaaa ataaggaaaa gaagtgtagc
      961 tatacagagg atgctcagtg tatagatggc actatcgaag tccccaaatg cttcaaggaa
     1021 cacagttctc tggctttttg gaaaactgat gcatccgatg taaagccatg ctaaggtggt
     1081 tttcagattc cacacaaaat gtcacacttg tttcttgttc atccaaggaa cctaattgaa
     1141 atttaaaaat aaagctactg aatttattgc cgca
//
