LOCUS       NM_001297550            2432 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001297550
VERSION     NM_001297550.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Gao,S. and Chen,H.
  TITLE     Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular
            disease
  JOURNAL   Biomed Pharmacother 166, 115268 (2023)
   PUBMED   37562237
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in
            cardiovascular disease.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Pang,B., Jiang,Y.R., Xu,J.Y., Shao,D.X. and Hao,L.Y.
  TITLE     Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory
            mechanisms and therapeutic potential
  JOURNAL   Eur J Pharmacol 949, 175727 (2023)
   PUBMED   37062502
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy:
            Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
            Review article
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Yavuz,A., Aydin,M.A., Ugur,K., Aydin,S., Senol,A., Baykus,Y.,
            Deniz,R., Sahin,I., Yalcin,M.H., Gencer,B.T., Deniz,Y.K.,
            Ustebay,S., Karagoz,Z.K., Emre,E. and Aydin,S.
  TITLE     Betatrophin, elabela, asprosin, glucagon and subfatin peptides in
            breast tissue, blood and milk in gestational diabetes
  JOURNAL   Biotech Histochem 98 (4), 243-254 (2023)
   PUBMED   36825397
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Betatrophin, elabela, asprosin, glucagon and subfatin
            peptides in breast tissue, blood and milk in gestational diabetes.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Hu,Y., Zong,Y., Jin,L., Zou,J. and Wang,Z.
  TITLE     Reduced Apela/APJ system expression in patients with pulmonary
            artery hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary
            disease
  JOURNAL   Heart Lung 59, 8-15 (2023)
   PUBMED   36669444
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Reduced Apela/APJ system expression in patients with
            pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive
            pulmonary disease.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Yue,Y., Liu,L., Wu,L.J., Wu,Y., Wang,L., Li,F., Liu,J., Han,G.W.,
            Chen,B., Lin,X., Brouillette,R.L., Breault,E., Longpre,J.M.,
            Shi,S., Lei,H., Sarret,P., Stevens,R.C., Hanson,M.A. and Xu,F.
  TITLE     Structural insight into apelin receptor-G protein stoichiometry
  JOURNAL   Nat Struct Mol Biol 29 (7), 688-697 (2022)
   PUBMED   35817871
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Ho,L., Tan,S.Y., Wee,S., Wu,Y., Tan,S.J., Ramakrishna,N.B.,
            Chng,S.C., Nama,S., Szczerbinska,I., Chan,Y.S., Avery,S.,
            Tsuneyoshi,N., Ng,H.H., Gunaratne,J., Dunn,N.R. and Reversade,B.
  TITLE     ELABELA Is an Endogenous Growth Factor that Sustains hESC
            Self-Renewal via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
  JOURNAL   Cell Stem Cell 17 (4), 435-447 (2015)
   PUBMED   26387754
  REMARK    Erratum:[Cell Stem Cell. 2015 Nov 5;17(5):635. Sczerbinska, Iwona
            [corrected to Szczerbinska, Iwona]]
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Wang,Z., Yu,D., Wang,M., Wang,Q., Kouznetsova,J., Yang,R., Qian,K.,
            Wu,W., Shuldiner,A., Sztalryd,C., Zou,M., Zheng,W. and Gong,D.W.
  TITLE     Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathway is functional in
            mammalian systems
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 5, 8170 (2015)
   PUBMED   25639753
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Pauli,A., Norris,M.L., Valen,E., Chew,G.L., Gagnon,J.A.,
            Zimmerman,S., Mitchell,A., Ma,J., Dubrulle,J., Reyon,D., Tsai,S.Q.,
            Joung,J.K., Saghatelian,A. and Schier,A.F.
  TITLE     Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin
            receptors
  JOURNAL   Science 343 (6172), 1248636 (2014)
   PUBMED   24407481
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Chng,S.C., Ho,L., Tian,J. and Reversade,B.
  TITLE     ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the
            apelin receptor
  JOURNAL   Dev Cell 27 (6), 672-680 (2013)
   PUBMED   24316148
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2432)
  AUTHORS   Hassan,A.S., Hou,J., Wei,W. and Hoodless,P.A.
  TITLE     Expression of two novel transcripts in the mouse definitive
            endoderm
  JOURNAL   Gene Expr Patterns 10 (2-3), 127-134 (2010)
   PUBMED   20153842
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from KJ158076.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001297550.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a peptide hormone that binds to the
            Apelin receptor. The encoded protein is required for heart
            development in zebrafish and has been shown to maintain
            self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells through activation of
            the PI3K/AKT pathway. Experiments in human and mouse cell lines
            point to additional roles for the encoded protein in angiogenesis
            and regulation of vascular tone. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: KJ158076.1, AK092578.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2145774, SAMEA2147596
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000507152.6/ ENSP00000484618.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-2432              KJ158076.1         197-2628
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2432
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q32.3"
     gene            1..2432
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /note="apelin receptor early endogenous ligand"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:100506013"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:48925"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615594"
     exon            1..230
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             155..319
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /note="protein Elabela; protein Toddler"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="apelin receptor early endogenous ligand
                     precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001284479.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS77980.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:100506013"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:48925"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615594"
                     /translation="MRFQQFLFAFFIFIMSLLLISGQRPVNLTMRRKLRKHNCLQRRC
                     MPLHSRVPFP"
     exon            231..320
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            321..2432
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2410..2415
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2432
                     /gene="APELA"
                     /gene_synonym="ELA; Ende; tdl"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aatgtgatca ttaaccttcc tgcaaaacac agctggcagt tctctgaggt ttgtcactag
       61 aatgtgaaga cagccacaca gatattgcac agactattta cagatcgttt ggtttacatt
      121 gagagtcatt gctctacttt tgtgcggtag gaaaatgaga tttcagcaat tcctttttgc
      181 attttttatt tttattatga gtcttctcct tatcagcgga cagagaccag ttaatttgac
      241 catgagaaga aaactgcgca aacacaattg ccttcagagg agatgtatgc ctctccattc
      301 acgagtaccc tttccctgag atctctctag ctaactttac tggatctatc agaagaagaa
      361 gaggagtgaa ggaaagacac ccagccacac aaaagaactt catgatgcca acagcgtgat
      421 tgcttagaag ttcctacaca aaaaaaggat catttgaaag cacctggaat ggtttattag
      481 cttcacagga ttttattctt cttggcttct atttggaggg aaaataacat aaattcaaaa
      541 ggattccaat ctgaagccca aatcgtttgc ctacataaca aaaatatctc atcttttcct
      601 gcacattatt attcttttat gggttaaaaa gaaaaatacc ttttagtgtt ttagaactct
      661 ctcatggtaa aaagtgcaag aatttaaaat gttgctttca tattcctata attctccaaa
      721 agtattaaat tcgtatatgt ttgagtgatt ttctaaaaac tgctcaacct gaaatcaatt
      781 gcattgacca tttggcttcg cacaataggg agaaaataat tggttcattg attatataga
      841 gagaaagact aagaaaagct attaattgct accaatttta tgataagctt taaggtttat
      901 gaaagtatgt ttttttattt aatgagtaat gtccatttga agttgaaaga aaacatgaaa
      961 tcctaattgt agttcatttt atgttcaaat gaaaccattg tttttgtttt tgttttgaaa
     1021 cagagtctca ctctgttgcc caaggtggag agaagtggca cgcttttgtc tcactgcaac
     1081 ctccacctcc cgagttcaag tgattctcgt gcctcaacct cccaattata ggctgggatt
     1141 acaggtgtgc accactacac ccagctaatt cttgtatttt ttgtagagat gaggttttac
     1201 cctgttgccc aggctggtct tgaactcagg ctggaaccat tcatttttta acctttctca
     1261 tcatgtaatt ataggaaccc aacgtttgat ttcctttgaa gttttgttat gtcctttatt
     1321 attttgtatg gataatttct ttaaaagtct tacttaaagt tgacatctaa aatacagtta
     1381 tgccaatgaa gtcccactca gggtgatatc tgtatctaaa agatgagtgc tcatcatcct
     1441 attaggcttt gtcttggtgg tgttcatcct gagatgctga gacatggaaa taaaaaatca
     1501 gaaggaattt agggatatga ttactcaaaa aagaaactat cctgtctaaa tttgaattgt
     1561 gttgataact aggtgttccc cagatgctaa gatgttctta atttgtattt attgaaggat
     1621 tgttagctta gtgccacaaa atttttctta ctttatgtta attccagata agaaatttac
     1681 aagtttatat cttttttttt ctttttttta agatgagatc tggctctatc acccaggcta
     1741 aagtgcagtg gcatgatcta ggctaactcc ctggctcaag cgatccttcc acctcagcct
     1801 cccaagtacc tgggactaca ggcactcacg gccacacctg actaattttt gtattttttt
     1861 gtagagatgg agtatcgcca tgttgcccag gttggtctca aactcaggct ggtgagctca
     1921 agtgatccgc ctccttggcc tcccaaaata ctgggattac aggcatgtgc caccatgctg
     1981 ggccacaagt tcatatctgg agtagaagtt ttactttgta aatattataa agtagaagaa
     2041 accataaacc attttgctaa aatgaaaggt tggggttaat ataaatgtaa ttttaaatag
     2101 aaaatctgac aacactgtcg agtttgtctt cctgtcaaag cttattaaaa gtgtctttgc
     2161 ggatgaatgg tactttccac aagtgcattt gagtagaagc ataacctatt ctcagttata
     2221 tttatgttta aaacatgtac tggtttgtat attttgtact gaaaaagaaa acactttata
     2281 gtcaagatac atctcattca atacaagtct aaactctttc aaatacaaat tcgcatattc
     2341 acagaaaaag ttacaaatca gttttactat tgtaaagtaa tgaaatggtt atacatttct
     2401 taattgttca ataaaacact caatgatttg ca
//
