LOCUS       NM_000699               1584 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 13-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens amylase alpha 2A (AMY2A), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000699 XM_003960107
VERSION     NM_000699.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Bolognini,D., Halgren,A., Lou,R.N., Raveane,A., Rocha,J.L.,
            Guarracino,A., Soranzo,N., Chin,C.S., Garrison,E. and Sudmant,P.H.
  TITLE     Recurrent evolution and selection shape structural diversity at the
            amylase locus
  JOURNAL   Nature 634 (8034), 617-625 (2024)
   PUBMED   39232174
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Recurrent evolution and selection shape structural
            diversity at the amylase locus.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Osman,W., Ismail,E.M.O.A., Shantier,S.W., Mohammed,M.S.,
            Mothana,R.A., Muddathir,A. and Khalid,H.S.
  TITLE     In silico assessment of potential leads identified from Bauhinia
            rufescens Lam. as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors
  JOURNAL   J Recept Signal Transduct Res 41 (2), 159-169 (2021)
   PUBMED   32718219
  REMARK    GeneRIF: In silico assessment of potential leads identified from
            Bauhinia rufescens Lam. as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase
            inhibitors.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Vazquez-Moreno,M., Mejia-Benitez,A., Sharma,T., Peralta-Romero,J.,
            Locia-Morales,D., Klunder-Klunder,M., Cruz,M. and Meyre,D.
  CONSRTM   National Obesity Network Mexico
  TITLE     Association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers and AMY1/AMY2 serum
            enzymatic activity with obesity in Mexican children
  JOURNAL   Pediatr Obes 15 (8), e12641 (2020)
   PUBMED   32314532
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers and AMY1/AMY2
            serum enzymatic activity with obesity in Mexican children.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Heianza,Y., Sun,D., Wang,T., Huang,T., Bray,G.A., Sacks,F.M. and
            Qi,L.
  TITLE     Starch Digestion-Related Amylase Genetic Variant Affects 2-Year
            Changes in Adiposity in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS
            Lost Trial
  JOURNAL   Diabetes 66 (9), 2416-2423 (2017)
   PUBMED   28659346
  REMARK    GeneRIF: It was concluded that the genetic variant determining
            starch metabolism influences the response to weight-loss dietary
            intervention. Overweight and obese individuals carrying the
            AMY1-AMY2 rs11185098 genotype associated with higher amylase
            activity may have greater loss of adiposity during low-calorie diet
            interventions.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Tak,Y.J., Yi,Y.H., Lee,S.Y., Kim,Y.J., Lee,J.G. and Cho,Y.H.
  TITLE     Relationships Between Fasting Serum Amylase and Ghrelin or Peptide
            YY3-36 Levels in Healthy Men
  JOURNAL   Pancreas 45 (3), 376-380 (2016)
   PUBMED   26495778
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data show that serum amylase was found to be correlated
            with waist circumference, ghrelin and PYY3-36.
            Erratum:[Pancreas. 2016 May-Jun;45(5):e22. doi:
            10.1097/MPA.0000000000000665.. PMID: 27077721]
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Jacob,M., Laine,J. and LeBel,D.
  TITLE     Specific interactions of pancreatic amylase at acidic pH. Amylase
            and the major protein of the zymogen granule membrane (GP-2) bind
            to immobilized or polymerized amylase
  JOURNAL   Biochem Cell Biol 70 (10-11), 1105-1114 (1992)
   PUBMED   1284286
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Groot,P.C., Mager,W.H. and Frants,R.R.
  TITLE     Interpretation of polymorphic DNA patterns in the human
            alpha-amylase multigene family
  JOURNAL   Genomics 10 (3), 779-785 (1991)
   PUBMED   1679752
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Groot,P.C., Mager,W.H., Henriquez,N.V., Pronk,J.C., Arwert,F.,
            Planta,R.J., Eriksson,A.W. and Frants,R.R.
  TITLE     Evolution of the human alpha-amylase multigene family through
            unequal, homologous, and inter- and intrachromosomal crossovers
  JOURNAL   Genomics 8 (1), 97-105 (1990)
   PUBMED   2081604
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Rosenblum,B.B. and Merritt,A.D.
  TITLE     Human pancreatic alpha-amylase: phenotypic codominance and new
            electrophoretic variants
  JOURNAL   Am J Hum Genet 30 (4), 434-441 (1978)
   PUBMED   309725
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1584)
  AUTHORS   Kaczmarek,M.J. and Rosenmund,H.
  TITLE     The action of human pancreatic and salivary isoamylases on starch
            and glycogen
  JOURNAL   Clin Chim Acta 79 (1), 69-73 (1977)
   PUBMED   890964
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC105272.2.
            
            On Oct 5, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_000699.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the alpha-amylase family of
            proteins. Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze
            1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides,
            catalyzing the first step in digestion of dietary starch and
            glycogen. This gene and several family members are present in a
            gene cluster on chromosome 1. This gene encodes an amylase
            isoenzyme produced by the pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015].
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC007060.1, M28443.1 [ECO:0000332]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000414303.7/ ENSP00000397582.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-182               AC105272.2         67734-67915
            183-329             AC105272.2         68261-68407
            330-527             AC105272.2         69218-69415
            528-758             AC105272.2         69861-70091
            759-892             AC105272.2         70858-70991
            893-1015            AC105272.2         71884-72006
            1016-1115           AC105272.2         72101-72200
            1116-1234           AC105272.2         74173-74291
            1235-1360           AC105272.2         74403-74528
            1361-1584           AC105272.2         75864-76087
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1584
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1p21.1"
     gene            1..1584
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /note="amylase alpha 2A"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:279"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:477"
                     /db_xref="MIM:104650"
     exon            1..182
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             15..1550
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /EC_number="3.2.1.1"
                     /note="1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase; glycogenase;
                     pancreatic amylase alpha 2A; pancreatic alpha-amylase;
                     amylase alpha 2A (pancreatic)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="pancreatic alpha-amylase precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000690.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS783.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:279"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:477"
                     /db_xref="MIM:104650"
                     /translation="MKFFLLLFTIGFCWAQYSPNTQQGRTSIVHLFEWRWVDIALECE
                     RYLAPKGFGGVQVSPPNENVAIYNPFRPWWERYQPVSYKLCTRSGNEDEFRNMVTRCN
                     NVGVRIYVDAVINHMCGNAVSAGTSSTCGSYFNPGSRDFPAVPYSGWDFNDGKCKTGS
                     GDIENYNDATQVRDCRLTGLLDLALEKDYVRSKIAEYMNHLIDIGVAGFRLDASKHMW
                     PGDIKAILDKLHNLNSNWFPAGSKPFIYQEVIDLGGEPIKSSDYFGNGRVTEFKYGAK
                     LGTVIRKWNGEKMSYLKNWGEGWGFVPSDRALVFVDNHDNQRGHGAGGASILTFWDAR
                     LYKMAVGFMLAHPYGFTRVMSSYRWPRQFQNGNDVNDWVGPPNNNGVIKEVTINPDTT
                     CGNDWVCEHRWRQIRNMVIFRNVVDGQPFTNWYDNGSNQVAFGRGNRGFIVFNNDDWS
                     FSLTLQTGLPAGTYCDVISGDKINGNCTGIKIYVSDDGKAHFSISNSAEDPFIAIHAE
                     SKL"
     exon            183..329
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            330..527
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            528..758
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            759..892
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            893..1015
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1016..1115
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1116..1234
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1235..1360
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1361..1584
                     /gene="AMY2A"
                     /gene_synonym="AMY2; PA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 aacttcaaag caaaatgaag ttctttctgt tgcttttcac cattgggttc tgctgggctc
       61 agtattcccc aaatacacaa caaggacgga catctattgt tcatctgttt gaatggcgat
      121 gggttgatat tgctcttgaa tgtgagcgat atttagctcc gaagggattt ggaggggttc
      181 aggtctctcc accaaatgaa aatgttgcaa tttacaaccc tttcagacct tggtgggaaa
      241 gataccaacc agttagctat aaattatgca caagatctgg aaatgaagat gaatttagaa
      301 acatggtgac tagatgtaac aatgttgggg ttcgtattta tgtggatgct gtaattaatc
      361 atatgtgtgg taacgctgtg agtgcaggaa caagcagtac ctgtggaagt tacttcaacc
      421 ctggaagtag ggactttcca gcagtcccat attctggatg ggatttcaat gatggtaaat
      481 gtaaaactgg aagtggagat atcgagaact acaatgatgc tactcaggtc agagattgtc
      541 gtctgactgg tcttcttgat cttgcactgg agaaggatta cgtgcgttct aagattgccg
      601 aatatatgaa ccatctcatt gacattggtg ttgcagggtt cagacttgat gcttccaagc
      661 acatgtggcc tggagacata aaggcaattt tggacaaact gcataatcta aacagtaact
      721 ggttccctgc aggaagtaaa cctttcattt accaggaggt aattgatctg ggtggtgagc
      781 caattaaaag cagtgactac tttggtaatg gccgggtgac agaattcaag tatggtgcaa
      841 aactcggcac agttattcgc aagtggaatg gagagaagat gtcttactta aagaactggg
      901 gagaaggttg gggtttcgta ccttctgaca gagcgcttgt ctttgtggat aaccatgaca
      961 atcaacgagg acatggggct ggaggagcct ctattcttac cttctgggat gctaggctgt
     1021 acaaaatggc agttggattt atgcttgctc atccttacgg atttacacga gtaatgtcaa
     1081 gctaccgttg gccaagacag tttcaaaatg gaaacgatgt taatgattgg gttgggccac
     1141 caaataataa tggagtaatt aaagaagtta ctattaatcc agacactact tgtggcaatg
     1201 actgggtctg tgaacatcga tggcgccaaa taaggaacat ggttattttc cgcaatgtag
     1261 tggatggcca gccttttaca aattggtatg ataatgggag caaccaagtg gcttttggga
     1321 gaggaaacag aggattcatt gttttcaaca atgatgactg gtcattttct ttaactttgc
     1381 aaactggtct tcctgctggc acatactgtg atgtcatttc tggagataaa attaatggca
     1441 attgcacagg cattaaaatt tacgtttctg atgatggcaa agctcatttt tctattagta
     1501 actctgctga agatccattt attgcaattc atgctgaatc taaattgtaa aatttaaaat
     1561 taaatgcatg tcctcaaaac aata
//
