LOCUS       NM_018677               2885 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 01-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2
            (ACSS2), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_018677
VERSION     NM_018677.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Mochmann,L.H., Treue,D., Bockmayr,M., Silva,P., Zasada,C.,
            Mastrobuoni,G., Bayram,S., Forbes,M., Jurmeister,P., Liebig,S.,
            Blau,O., Schleich,K., Splettstoesser,B., Nordmann,T.M., von der
            Heide,E.K., Isaakidis,K., Schulze,V., Busch,C., Siddiq,H.,
            Schlee,C., Hester,S., Fransecky,L., Neumann,M., Kempa,S.,
            Klauschen,F. and Baldus,C.D.
  TITLE     Proteomic profiling reveals ACSS2 facilitating metabolic support in
            acute myeloid leukemia
  JOURNAL   Cancer Gene Ther 31 (9), 1344-1356 (2024)
   PUBMED   38851813
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Proteomic profiling reveals ACSS2 facilitating metabolic
            support in acute myeloid leukemia.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Mukhi,D., Li,L., Liu,H., Doke,T., Kolligundla,L.P., Ha,E.,
            Kloetzer,K., Abedini,A., Mukherjee,S., Wu,J., Dhillon,P., Hu,H.,
            Guan,D., Funai,K., Uehara,K., Titchenell,P.M., Baur,J.A.,
            Wellen,K.E. and Susztak,K.
  TITLE     ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by controlling de
            novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 134 (4), e172963 (2023)
   PUBMED   38051585
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by
            controlling de novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Que,D., Kuang,F., Kang,R., Tang,D. and Liu,J.
  TITLE     ACSS2-mediated NF-kappaB activation promotes alkaliptosis in human
            pancreatic cancer cells
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 13 (1), 1483 (2023)
   PUBMED   36707625
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSS2-mediated NF-kappaB activation promotes alkaliptosis
            in human pancreatic cancer cells.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Zhou,Z., Ren,Y., Yang,J., Liu,M., Shi,X., Luo,W., Fung,K.M., Xu,C.,
            Bronze,M.S., Zhang,Y., Houchen,C.W. and Li,M.
  TITLE     Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and
            Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer
  JOURNAL   Gastroenterology 163 (5), 1281-1293 (2022)
   PUBMED   35777482
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates
            Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming
            in Pancreatic Cancer.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Ciraku,L., Bacigalupa,Z.A., Ju,J., Moeller,R.A., Le Minh,G.,
            Lee,R.H., Smith,M.D., Ferrer,C.M., Trefely,S., Izzo,L.T.,
            Doan,M.T., Gocal,W.A., D'Agostino,L., Shi,W., Jackson,J.G.,
            Katsetos,C.D., Wellen,K.E., Snyder,N.W. and Reginato,M.J.
  TITLE     O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate metabolism via
            regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 41 (14), 2122-2136 (2022)
   PUBMED   35190642
  REMARK    GeneRIF: O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate
            metabolism via regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Talmud,P.J., Drenos,F., Shah,S., Shah,T., Palmen,J., Verzilli,C.,
            Gaunt,T.R., Pallas,J., Lovering,R., Li,K., Casas,J.P., Sofat,R.,
            Kumari,M., Rodriguez,S., Johnson,T., Newhouse,S.J., Dominiczak,A.,
            Samani,N.J., Caulfield,M., Sever,P., Stanton,A., Shields,D.C.,
            Padmanabhan,S., Melander,O., Hastie,C., Delles,C., Ebrahim,S.,
            Marmot,M.G., Smith,G.D., Lawlor,D.A., Munroe,P.B., Day,I.N.,
            Kivimaki,M., Whittaker,J., Humphries,S.E. and Hingorani,A.D.
  CONSRTM   ASCOT investigators; NORDIL investigators; BRIGHT Consortium
  TITLE     Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins
            identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip
  JOURNAL   Am J Hum Genet 85 (5), 628-642 (2009)
   PUBMED   19913121
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE
            Navigator)
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Yun,M., Bang,S.H., Kim,J.W., Park,J.Y., Kim,K.S. and Lee,J.D.
  TITLE     The importance of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase for 11C-acetate
            uptake and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   J Nucl Med 50 (8), 1222-1228 (2009)
   PUBMED   19617323
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The patterns of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-acetate uptake seemed
            to complement each other in both human HCC and HCC cell lines.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Lu,Y., Dolle,M.E., Imholz,S., van 't Slot,R., Verschuren,W.M.,
            Wijmenga,C., Feskens,E.J. and Boer,J.M.
  TITLE     Multiple genetic variants along candidate pathways influence plasma
            high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations
  JOURNAL   J Lipid Res 49 (12), 2582-2589 (2008)
   PUBMED   18660489
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE
            Navigator)
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Schwer,B., Bunkenborg,J., Verdin,R.O., Andersen,J.S. and Verdin,E.
  TITLE     Reversible lysine acetylation controls the activity of the
            mitochondrial enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (27), 10224-10229 (2006)
   PUBMED   16788062
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Because the activity of a bacterial ortholog of AceCS2,
            called ACS, is controlled via deacetylation by a bacterial sirtuin
            protein, our observation highlights the conservation of a metabolic
            regulatory pathway from bacteria to humans
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2885)
  AUTHORS   Luong,A., Hannah,V.C., Brown,M.S. and Goldstein,J.L.
  TITLE     Molecular characterization of human acetyl-CoA synthetase, an
            enzyme regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 275 (34), 26458-26466 (2000)
   PUBMED   10843999
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA411343.1 and BC073846.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_018677.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the
            activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and energy
            generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA
            from acetate in a reaction that requires ATP. Expression of this
            gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins,
            transcription factors that activate genes required for the
            synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Alternative
            splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2009].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the predominant
            isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK025990.1, BC012172.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000360596.7/ ENSP00000353804.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-149               DA411343.1         88-236
            150-2885            BC073846.1         1-2736
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2885
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="20"
                     /map="20q11.22"
     gene            1..2885
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /note="acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:55902"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:15814"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605832"
     exon            1..212
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             35..2140
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.1"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.17"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ADP forming); cytoplasmic
                     acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase; acetate-CoA ligase;
                     acyl-activating enzyme; acetate thiokinase;
                     acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic; propionate--CoA
                     ligase; acetyl-CoA synthetase 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
                     isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_061147.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13243.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:55902"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:15814"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605832"
                     /translation="MGLPEERVRSGSGSRGQEEAGAGGRARSWSPPPEVSRSAHVPSL
                     QRYRELHRRSVEEPREFWGDIAKEFYWKTPCPGPFLRYNFDVTKGKIFIEWMKGATTN
                     ICYNVLDRNVHEKKLGDKVAFYWEGNEPGETTQITYHQLLVQVCQFSNVLRKQGIQKG
                     DRVAIYMPMIPELVVAMLACARIGALHSIVFAGFSSESLCERILDSSCSLLITTDAFY
                     RGEKLVNLKELADEALQKCQEKGFPVRCCIVVKHLGRAELGMGDSTSQSPPIKRSCPD
                     VQISWNQGIDLWWHELMQEAGDECEPEWCDAEDPLFILYTSGSTGKPKGVVHTVGGYM
                     LYVATTFKYVFDFHAEDVFWCTADIGWITGHSYVTYGPLANGATSVLFEGIPTYPDVN
                     RLWSIVDKYKVTKFYTAPTAIRLLMKFGDEPVTKHSRASLQVLGTVGEPINPEAWLWY
                     HRVVGAQRCPIVDTFWQTETGGHMLTPLPGATPMKPGSATFPFFGVAPAILNESGEEL
                     EGEAEGYLVFKQPWPGIMRTVYGNHERFETTYFKKFPGYYVTGDGCQRDQDGYYWITG
                     RIDDMLNVSGHLLSTAEVESALVEHEAVAEAAVVGHPHPVKGECLYCFVTLCDGHTFS
                     PKLTEELKKQIREKIGPIATPDYIQNAPGLPKTRSGKIMRRVLRKIAQNDHDLGDMST
                     VADPSVISHLFSHRCLTIQ"
     exon            213..408
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            409..500
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            501..604
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            605..677
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            678..753
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            754..868
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            869..1006
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1007..1177
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1178..1311
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1312..1444
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1445..1501
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1502..1582
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1583..1691
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1692..1760
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1761..1937
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1938..2012
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2013..2885
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2866..2871
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2885
                     /gene="ACSS2"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; ACS; ACSA;
                     dJ1161H23.1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcaaaggcgg ccgcggttct aggaacttga cgtgatgggg cttcctgagg agcgggtccg
       61 gagcggcagc gggagccggg gccaggagga agctggagcc ggaggccggg cgcggagttg
      121 gtctccgccg cccgaggtca gccgctccgc gcacgtcccc tcgctgcagc gctaccgcga
      181 gctgcaccgg cgctccgtgg aggagccgcg ggaattctgg ggagacattg ccaaggaatt
      241 ttactggaag actccatgcc ctggcccatt ccttcggtac aactttgatg tgactaaagg
      301 gaaaatcttc attgagtgga tgaaaggagc aactaccaac atctgctaca atgtactgga
      361 tcgaaatgtc catgagaaaa agcttggaga taaagttgct ttttactggg agggcaatga
      421 gccaggggag accactcaga tcacatacca tcagcttctg gtccaagtgt gtcagttcag
      481 caatgttctc cgaaaacagg gcattcagaa gggggaccga gtggccatct acatgcctat
      541 gatcccagag cttgtggtgg ccatgctggc atgtgcccgc attggggctt tgcactccat
      601 tgtgtttgca ggcttctctt cagagtctct atgtgaacgg atcttggatt ccagctgcag
      661 tcttctcatc actacagatg ccttctacag gggggaaaag cttgtgaacc tgaaggagct
      721 ggctgacgag gccctgcaga agtgtcagga gaagggtttc ccagtaagat gctgcattgt
      781 ggtcaagcac ctggggcggg cagagctcgg catgggtgac tccaccagcc agtccccccc
      841 aattaagagg tcatgcccag atgtgcagat ctcatggaac caagggattg acttgtggtg
      901 gcatgagctc atgcaagagg caggggatga gtgtgagccc gagtggtgtg atgccgagga
      961 cccactcttc atcctgtaca ccagtggctc cacaggcaaa cccaagggtg tggttcacac
     1021 agttgggggc tacatgctct atgtagccac aaccttcaag tatgtgtttg acttccatgc
     1081 agaggatgtg ttctggtgca cggcagacat tggttggatc actggtcatt cctacgtcac
     1141 ctatgggcca ctggccaatg gtgccaccag tgttttgttt gaggggattc ccacatatcc
     1201 ggacgtgaac cgcctgtgga gcattgtgga caaatacaag gtgaccaagt tctacacagc
     1261 acccacagcc atccgtctgc tcatgaagtt tggagatgag cctgtcacca agcatagccg
     1321 ggcatccttg caggtgttag gcacagtggg tgaacccatc aaccctgagg cctggctatg
     1381 gtaccaccgg gtggtaggtg cccagcgctg ccccatcgtg gacaccttct ggcaaacaga
     1441 gacaggtggc cacatgttga ctccccttcc tggtgccaca cccatgaaac ccggttctgc
     1501 tactttccca ttctttggtg tagctcctgc aatcctgaat gagtccgggg aagagttgga
     1561 aggtgaagct gaaggttatc tggtgttcaa gcagccctgg ccagggatca tgcgcacagt
     1621 ctatgggaac cacgaacgct ttgagacaac ctactttaag aagtttcctg gatactatgt
     1681 tacaggagat ggctgccagc gggaccagga tggctattac tggatcactg gcaggattga
     1741 tgacatgctc aatgtatctg gacacctgct gagtacagca gaggtggagt cagcacttgt
     1801 ggaacatgag gctgttgcag aggcagctgt ggtgggccac cctcatcctg tgaagggtga
     1861 atgcctctac tgctttgtca ccttgtgtga tggccacacc ttcagcccca agctcaccga
     1921 ggagctcaag aagcagatta gagaaaagat tggccccatt gccacaccag actacatcca
     1981 gaatgcacct ggcttgccta aaacccgctc agggaaaatc atgaggcgag tgcttcggaa
     2041 gattgctcag aatgaccatg acctcgggga catgtctact gtggctgacc catctgtcat
     2101 cagtcacctc ttcagccacc gctgcctgac catccagtga acatgatcct gacctttacc
     2161 taggattcct cctgctccaa actttgccca tcctctttgc cccctcagga gtgctgaggg
     2221 ccagtgttga cccacactac cctcccttga ccagctgtct gggaccggaa accagctttg
     2281 tctccaggta gagacaacat cctgtgactg ccaggcagaa aggacagggc ccaggtcagc
     2341 ctcagtctgc tgtgcctcca gactgcagag ctctcagaac ccagaacaga gacgaaaagg
     2401 ctacctctcc tacccaagtt aagtgttcaa aggggatgtg agggcctcca ctgaagcagg
     2461 gaggcagctg tgtaatccta tgtcagctct cttaggaagc cccagtactt atattgggca
     2521 tgcacttgcc cttaaaaaca atgatttgtg agtccaggaa caatttacta tttttaaaat
     2581 attttgctgc ttctgttctg ggtctgaatt cccttttgtg ccagatgcca gtactgtctg
     2641 cccattggct ccaggggctg tatgggcaga ttcagtctcc agagggtatt cagatcatct
     2701 gcttctttga aggagtaaat gtgttttgtt cctagggcca gaggagcttg tcttccttgt
     2761 cctctgttcc caccctcccc tgaacagaac ccagcccata agagacattc tcagatgaaa
     2821 ctctgttttc ttgccccagt caggctcaag ccctgtggtt gtaggaataa agcctgtgat
     2881 ctcaa
//
