LOCUS       NM_032501               3632 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 19-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 1
            (ACSS1), transcript variant 1, mRNA; nuclear gene for mitochondrial
            product.
ACCESSION   NM_032501
VERSION     NM_032501.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Cui,H., Hu,D., Liu,Y. and Zhao,J.
  TITLE     Identifying Acss1, Mtfp1 and Oxct1 as key regulators and promising
            biomarkers of sarcopenia in various models
  JOURNAL   Gene 896, 148053 (2024)
   PUBMED   38042218
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Identifying Acss1, Mtfp1 and Oxct1 as key regulators and
            promising biomarkers of sarcopenia in various models.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Lakhter,A.J., Hamilton,J., Konger,R.L., Brustovetsky,N.,
            Broxmeyer,H.E. and Naidu,S.R.
  TITLE     Glucose-independent Acetate Metabolism Promotes Melanoma Cell
            Survival and Tumor Growth
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 291 (42), 21869-21879 (2016)
   PUBMED   27539851
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSS1 is essential for glucose-independent
            acetate-mediated cell survival and tumor growth.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,J., Baddoo,M., Han,C., Strong,M.J., Cvitanovic,J., Moroz,K.,
            Dash,S., Flemington,E.K. and Wu,T.
  TITLE     Gene network analysis reveals a novel 22-gene signature of carbon
            metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Oncotarget 7 (31), 49232-49245 (2016)
   PUBMED   27363021
  REMARK    GeneRIF: citrate synthase and ACSS1 have tumorigenic functions in
            hepatocellular carcinoma
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Jin,L., Wei,W., Jiang,Y., Peng,H., Cai,J., Mao,C., Dai,H., Choy,W.,
            Bemis,J.E., Jirousek,M.R., Milne,J.C., Westphal,C.H. and Perni,R.B.
  TITLE     Crystal structures of human SIRT3 displaying substrate-induced
            conformational changes
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 284 (36), 24394-24405 (2009)
   PUBMED   19535340
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Yun,M., Bang,S.H., Kim,J.W., Park,J.Y., Kim,K.S. and Lee,J.D.
  TITLE     The importance of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase for 11C-acetate
            uptake and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   J Nucl Med 50 (8), 1222-1228 (2009)
   PUBMED   19617323
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Watkins,P.A., Maiguel,D., Jia,Z. and Pevsner,J.
  TITLE     Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the
            human genome
  JOURNAL   J Lipid Res 48 (12), 2736-2750 (2007)
   PUBMED   17762044
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Schwer,B., Bunkenborg,J., Verdin,R.O., Andersen,J.S. and Verdin,E.
  TITLE     Reversible lysine acetylation controls the activity of the
            mitochondrial enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (27), 10224-10229 (2006)
   PUBMED   16788062
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3632)
  AUTHORS   Fujino,T., Kondo,J., Ishikawa,M., Morikawa,K. and Yamamoto,T.T.
  TITLE     Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme involved in
            the oxidation of acetate
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276 (14), 11420-11426 (2001)
   PUBMED   11150295
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BM150326.1, AK314440.1 and
            AK125923.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_032501.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase
            enzyme. A similar protein in mice plays an important role in the
            tricarboxylic acid cycle by catalyzing the conversion of acetate to
            acetyl CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
            multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Nov 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest
            transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC039261.1, SRR1803613.146160.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000323482.9/
                                                  ENSP00000316924.4
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-34                BM150326.1         44-77
            35-2005             AK314440.1         1-1971
            2006-3632           AK125923.1         3136-4762
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3632
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="20"
                     /map="20p11.21"
     gene            1..3632
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /note="acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:84532"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:16091"
                     /db_xref="MIM:614355"
     exon            1..371
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             38..2107
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.1"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.17"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like,
                     mitochondrial; acetate--CoA ligase 2; propionate--CoA
                     ligase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like,
                     mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_115890.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13167.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:84532"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:16091"
                     /db_xref="MIM:614355"
                     /translation="MAARTLGRGVGRLLGSLRGLSGQPARPPCGVSAPRRAASGPSGS
                     APAVAAAAAQPGSYPALSAQAAREPAAFWGPLARDTLVWDTPYHTVWDCDFSTGKIGW
                     FLGGQLNVSVNCLDQHVRKSPESVALIWERDEPGTEVRITYRELLETTCRLANTLKRH
                     GVHRGDRVAIYMPVSPLAVAAMLACARIGAVHTVIFAGFSAESLAGRINDAKCKVVIT
                     FNQGLRGGRVVELKKIVDEAVKHCPTVQHVLVAHRTDNKVHMGDLDVPLEQEMAKEDP
                     VCAPESMGSEDMLFMLYTSGSTGMPKGIVHTQAGYLLYAALTHKLVFDHQPGDIFGCV
                     ADIGWITGHSYVVYGPLCNGATSVLFESTPVYPNAGRYWETVERLKINQFYGAPTAVR
                     LLLKYGDAWVKKYDRSSLRTLGSVGEPINCEAWEWLHRVVGDSRCTLVDTWWQTETGG
                     ICIAPRPSEEGAEILPAMAMRPFFGIVPVLMDEKGSVVEGSNVSGALCISQAWPGMAR
                     TIYGDHQRFVDAYFKAYPGYYFTGDGAYRTEGGYYQITGRMDDVINISGHRLGTAEIE
                     DAIADHPAVPESAVIGYPHDIKGEAAFAFIVVKDSAGDSDVVVQELKSMVATKIAKYA
                     VPDEILVVKRLPKTRSGKVMRRLLRKIITSEAQELGDTTTLEDPSIIAEILSVYQKCK
                     DKQAAAK"
     exon            372..468
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            469..668
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            669..844
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            845..997
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            998..1145
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1146..1283
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1284..1376
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1377..1489
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1490..1616
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1617..1744
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1745..1808
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1809..1927
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1928..3632
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3612..3617
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3632
                     /gene="ACSS1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACAS2L; ACECS1; AceCS2L"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 actctgggag cacagagagc tcaggtagcc tgcctagatg gcggcgcgca ccctgggccg
       61 cggcgtcggg aggctgctgg gcagcctgcg agggctctcg gggcagcccg cgcggccgcc
      121 gtgcggggtg agcgcgccgc gcagggcggc ctcgggaccc tcgggcagcg ctcccgcagt
      181 tgcagcagca gcagcacagc caggctcgta tcccgcgctg agtgcacagg cagcccggga
      241 gccggccgcc ttctgggggc ctctggcgcg ggacactctc gtgtgggaca ccccctacca
      301 caccgtctgg gactgcgact tcagcactgg caagatcggc tggttcctgg gaggccagtt
      361 aaatgtctct gtcaactgct tggaccagca tgttcggaag tcccccgaga gcgttgcttt
      421 gatctgggag cgcgatgagc ctggaacgga agtgaggatc acctacaggg aactactgga
      481 gaccacgtgc cgcctggcca acacgctgaa gaggcatgga gtccaccgtg gggaccgtgt
      541 tgccatctac atgcccgtgt ccccattggc tgtggcagca atgctggcct gtgccaggat
      601 cggagctgtc cacacagtca tctttgctgg cttcagtgca gagtccttgg ctgggaggat
      661 caatgatgcc aagtgcaagg tggttatcac cttcaaccaa ggactccggg gtgggcgcgt
      721 ggtggagctg aagaaaatag tggatgaggc tgtgaagcac tgccccaccg tgcagcatgt
      781 cctggtggct cacaggacag acaacaaggt ccacatgggg gatctggacg tcccgctgga
      841 gcaggaaatg gccaaggagg accctgtttg cgccccagag agcatgggca gtgaggacat
      901 gctcttcatg ctgtacacct cagggagcac cggaatgccc aagggcatcg tccataccca
      961 ggcaggctac ctgctctatg ccgccctgac tcacaagctt gtgtttgacc accagccagg
     1021 tgacatcttt ggctgtgtgg ccgacatcgg ttggattaca ggacacagct acgtggtgta
     1081 tgggcctctc tgcaatggtg ccaccagcgt cctttttgag agcaccccag tttatcccaa
     1141 tgctggtcgg tactgggaga cagtagagag gttgaagatc aatcagttct atggcgcccc
     1201 aacggctgtc cggctgttgc tgaaatacgg tgatgcctgg gtgaagaagt atgatcgctc
     1261 ctccctgcgg accctggggt cagtgggaga gcccatcaac tgtgaggcct gggagtggct
     1321 tcacagggtg gtgggggaca gcaggtgcac gctggtggac acctggtggc agacagaaac
     1381 aggtggcatc tgcatcgcac cacggccctc ggaagaaggg gcggaaatcc tccctgccat
     1441 ggcgatgagg cccttctttg gcatcgtccc cgtcctcatg gatgagaagg gcagcgtcgt
     1501 ggagggcagc aacgtctccg gggccctgtg catctcccag gcctggccgg gcatggccag
     1561 gaccatctat ggcgaccacc agcgatttgt ggacgcctac ttcaaggcct acccaggcta
     1621 ttacttcact ggagacgggg cttaccgaac tgagggcggc tattaccaga tcacagggcg
     1681 gatggatgat gtcatcaaca tcagtggcca ccggctgggg accgcagaga ttgaggacgc
     1741 catcgccgac caccctgcag taccagaaag tgctgtcatt ggctaccccc acgacatcaa
     1801 aggagaagct gcctttgcct tcattgtggt gaaagatagt gcgggtgact cagatgtggt
     1861 ggtgcaggag ctcaagtcca tggtggccac caagatcgcc aaatatgctg tgcctgatga
     1921 gatcctggtg gtgaaacgtc ttccaaaaac caggtctggg aaggtcatgc ggcggctcct
     1981 gaggaagatc atcactagtg aggcccagga gctgggagac actaccacct tggaggaccc
     2041 cagcatcatc gcagagatcc tgagtgtcta ccagaagtgc aaggacaagc aggctgctgc
     2101 taagtgagct ggcaccttgt ggggctcttg ggatgggcgg gcacccaagc cctggcttgt
     2161 ccttcccaga aggtacccct gaggttggcg tcttcctacg tcccagaagc agcccccacc
     2221 ccacacatga cccacaccgc cctcacgtga agctgggctg agagcccttt ctcccatcca
     2281 ttggaggtcc caggagtgtc acccatggag aggctatgcg acatggctag ggctggttct
     2341 gccatctgag tttggtttcc tggaatgaaa aggcattgcc atctccattc ctctgccctc
     2401 ttgagccagc acaggaaggt gaggccctgg gatagcgcgc ctgctcagat aacacagagc
     2461 tagttagcta gtagcaaccg tgttttctcc agatctgtct agatacaaag gtcagaaatc
     2521 ttatttttat acttttatat tgtggaagaa cagcatgcaa cactcacatg tagtgtgtgg
     2581 atttacttga acatgttctt tttaacatgt agttatgaaa atctcctttt ttgcctctac
     2641 tggtgaggaa acatgaggat cagaggccac atttttaatt attgttagtg tatttggaag
     2701 tctgaattgg agatgtttgt acctctgtct aaacagttcc cttgagaact tccaagcctc
     2761 cggcatcttt tcctggtgag tgtttctcct gtgcttggtt gtgtataatg gagctaactc
     2821 ctaagcggtg gggtgaatgt ggccgcctta gttctgaagc tactccagtt atgttctgtt
     2881 tcttcaagct gtgatccaga aagatttttg tgcccccaga tgcctcttga taggagaggc
     2941 aacatactcc aaatagttgg gttcttcagg gaagctatta gaaactcagg tgacttgtta
     3001 gagcactaac ttggtcagag ccaaatcctg gcaaacgctg cctgaccttc actctgtggt
     3061 tggggcggtg agaaccactg aggtccaatg atgagacttg gaggtctgga tccagtctct
     3121 ctttgtttta atgtgactta ggtgctgtca acattagcaa gataatggaa atcacgacgc
     3181 cagtgggtgc ttacctccct gctaggcatg caggggctgg cggttggcag gggaaggagg
     3241 cccagtgagc cgggtccctt aggggaggga gagtttgtcc tctttgcccc acagtctacc
     3301 cttcagggcc ttgtggcagt gccagtgttc ggggggtgtc tgggccactg agtacccact
     3361 cggtcgtggt tgtgctggcc tcttgggtga gtgaacctgt gaagcccagg aggtggtgtt
     3421 ggctgcaggg tacacaaata ctgagtggtg gtcttttgtt acaggcttag caacaaagct
     3481 gtgccctggg catggggggc tgtagtgtag ctacagttgt gcgtttgtga aatggcttag
     3541 ctttccatgt tgctgagagg aacctggaca tggtcccggg catctgaatg atctgtaggg
     3601 gagggagttc aaataaagct ttattttgtt ca
//
