LOCUS       NM_001995               3712 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1
            (ACSL1), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001995 NM_021122
VERSION     NM_001995.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Hong,J., Li,X., Hao,Y., Xu,H., Yu,L., Meng,Z., Zhang,J. and Zhu,M.
  TITLE     The PRMT6/STAT1/ACSL1 axis promotes ferroptosis in diabetic
            nephropathy
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Differ 31 (11), 1561-1575 (2024)
   PUBMED   39134684
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The PRMT6/STAT1/ACSL1 axis promotes ferroptosis in
            diabetic nephropathy.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Zhou,Y., Li,Y., Chen,G., Guo,X., Gao,X., Meng,J., Xu,Y., Zhou,N.,
            Zhang,B. and Zhou,X.
  TITLE     ACSL1-Mediated Fatty Acid beta-Oxidation Enhances Metastasis and
            Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer
  JOURNAL   Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 29 (2), 66 (2024)
   PUBMED   38420815
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSL1-Mediated Fatty Acid beta-Oxidation Enhances
            Metastasis and Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Wang,C., Chen,Z., Yi,Y., Ding,Y., Xu,F., Kang,H., Lin,K., Shu,X.,
            Zhong,Z., Zhang,Z., Liu,J., Xu,Z., Liu,L., He,X., Chang,Y. and
            Zhao,Q.
  TITLE     RBM45 reprograms lipid metabolism promoting hepatocellular
            carcinoma via Rictor and ACSL1/ACSL4
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 43 (5), 328-340 (2024)
   PUBMED   38040804
  REMARK    GeneRIF: RBM45 reprograms lipid metabolism promoting hepatocellular
            carcinoma via Rictor and ACSL1/ACSL4.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Wang,C.H., Surbhi, Goraya,S., Byun,J. and Pennathur,S.
  TITLE     Fatty acids and inflammatory stimuli induce expression of
            long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 to promote lipid remodeling in
            diabetic kidney disease
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 300 (1), 105502 (2024)
   PUBMED   38016515
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Fatty acids and inflammatory stimuli induce expression of
            long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 to promote lipid remodeling in
            diabetic kidney disease.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Cao,Z., Gao,X., Meng,J., Guo,X., Xu,J., Cui,J. and Zhou,X.
  TITLE     ACSL1: A preliminary study that provides a new target for the
            treatment of renal fibrosis could bring new insights in diabetic
            kidney disease
  JOURNAL   Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 43 Suppl 2, 38-46 (2023)
   PUBMED   38245444
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSL1: A preliminary study that provides a new target for
            the treatment of renal fibrosis could bring new insights in
            diabetic kidney disease.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Amigo,L., McElroy,M.C., Morales,M.N. and Bronfman,M.
  TITLE     Subcellular distribution and characteristics of ciprofibroyl-CoA
            synthetase in rat liver. Its possible identity with long-chain
            acyl-CoA synthetase
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 284 (Pt 1) (Pt 1), 283-287 (1992)
   PUBMED   1599407
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Abe,T., Fujino,T., Fukuyama,R., Minoshima,S., Shimizu,N., Toh,H.,
            Suzuki,H. and Yamamoto,T.
  TITLE     Human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase: structure and chromosomal
            location
  JOURNAL   J Biochem 111 (1), 123-128 (1992)
   PUBMED   1607358
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Stanczak,H., Stanczak,J.J. and Singh,I.
  TITLE     Chromosomal localization of the human gene for palmitoyl-CoA ligase
            (FACL1)
  JOURNAL   Cytogenet Cell Genet 59 (1), 17-19 (1992)
   PUBMED   1531127
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Lageweg,W., Wanders,R.J. and Tager,J.M.
  TITLE     Long-chain-acyl-CoA synthetase and very-long-chain-acyl-CoA
            synthetase activities in peroxisomes and microsomes from rat liver.
            An enzymological study
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 196 (2), 519-523 (1991)
   PUBMED   2007410
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3712)
  AUTHORS   Suzuki,H., Kawarabayasi,Y., Kondo,J., Abe,T., Nishikawa,K.,
            Kimura,S., Hashimoto,T. and Yamamoto,T.
  TITLE     Structure and regulation of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 265 (15), 8681-8685 (1990)
   PUBMED   2341402
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC084871.4 and AC079257.7.
            
            On May 20, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_001995.4.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the
            long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing
            in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue
            distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain
            fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role
            in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Several
            transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for
            this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform
            (a). Variants 1, 2, and 6-12 all encode the same isoform (a).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK292798.1, SRR18074969.17882.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN04284274 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000281455.7/ ENSP00000281455.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-53                AC084871.4         68311-68363         c
            54-280              AC084871.4         45715-45941         c
            281-395             AC084871.4         31012-31126         c
            396-460             AC084871.4         26322-26386         c
            461-562             AC084871.4         22727-22828         c
            563-662             AC084871.4         19279-19378         c
            663-841             AC084871.4         18879-19057         c
            842-874             AC084871.4         16238-16270         c
            875-926             AC084871.4         16058-16109         c
            927-1000            AC084871.4         15476-15549         c
            1001-1078           AC084871.4         12794-12871         c
            1079-1213           AC084871.4         10711-10845         c
            1214-1348           AC084871.4         9017-9151           c
            1349-1444           AC084871.4         8286-8381           c
            1445-1517           AC084871.4         7248-7320           c
            1518-1606           AC084871.4         5562-5650           c
            1607-1723           AC084871.4         4802-4918           c
            1724-1867           AC084871.4         2752-2895           c
            1868-1969           AC084871.4         214-315             c
            1970-2041           AC084871.4         30-101              c
            2042-3712           AC079257.7         129391-131061       c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3712
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q35.1"
     gene            1..3712
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /note="acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2180"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3569"
                     /db_xref="MIM:152425"
     exon            1..53
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            54..280
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             86..2182
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.3"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.15"
                     /EC_number="6.2.1.24"
                     /note="isoform a is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2; long-chain
                     fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase 1; fatty-acid-Coenzyme A
                     ligase, long-chain 2; long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1;
                     paltimoyl-CoA ligase 1; palmitoyl-CoA ligase 2;
                     long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1; fatty-acid-Coenzyme A
                     ligase, long-chain 1; lignoceroyl-CoA synthase; LACS 1;
                     LACS 2; palmitoyl-CoA ligase 1; long-chain fatty acid-CoA
                     ligase 2; phytanate--CoA ligase; arachidonate--CoA ligase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 isoform a"
                     /protein_id="NP_001986.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3839.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2180"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3569"
                     /db_xref="MIM:152425"
                     /translation="MQAHELFRYFRMPELVDFRQYVRTLPTNTLMGFGAFAALTTFWY
                     ATRPKPLKPPCDLSMQSVEVAGSGGARRSALLDSDEPLVYFYDDVTTLYEGFQRGIQV
                     SNNGPCLGSRKPDQPYEWLSYKQVAELSECIGSALIQKGFKTAPDQFIGIFAQNRPEW
                     VIIEQGCFAYSMVIVPLYDTLGNEAITYIVNKAELSLVFVDKPEKAKLLLEGVENKLI
                     PGLKIIVVMDAYGSELVERGQRCGVEVTSMKAMEDLGRANRRKPKPPAPEDLAVICFT
                     SGTTGNPKGAMVTHRNIVSDCSAFVKATENTVNPCPDDTLISFLPLAHMFERVVECVM
                     LCHGAKIGFFQGDIRLLMDDLKVLQPTVFPVVPRLLNRMFDRIFGQANTTLKRWLLDF
                     ASKRKEAELRSGIIRNNSLWDRLIFHKVQSSLGGRVRLMVTGAAPVSATVLTFLRAAL
                     GCQFYEGYGQTECTAGCCLTMPGDWTAGHVGAPMPCNLIKLVDVEEMNYMAAEGEGEV
                     CVKGPNVFQGYLKDPAKTAEALDKDGWLHTGDIGKWLPNGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGE
                     YIAPEKIENIYMRSEPVAQVFVHGESLQAFLIAIVVPDVETLCSWAQKRGFEGSFEEL
                     CRNKDVKKAILEDMVRLGKDSGLKPFEQVKGITLHPELFSIDNGLLTPTMKAKRPELR
                     NYFRSQIDDLYSTIKV"
     exon            281..395
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            396..460
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            461..562
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            563..662
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            663..841
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            842..874
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            875..926
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            927..1000
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1001..1078
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1079..1213
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1214..1348
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1349..1444
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1445..1517
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1518..1606
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1607..1723
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1724..1867
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1868..1969
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1970..2041
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2042..3712
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3687..3692
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3712
                     /gene="ACSL1"
                     /gene_synonym="ACS1; FACL1; FACL2; LACS; LACS1; LACS2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agggagtggg ctgcagtgac agccggcggc ggagcggccg gtccacggag gagaattcag
       61 cttagagaac tatcaacaca ggacaatgca agcccatgag ctgttccggt attttcgaat
      121 gccagagctg gttgacttcc gacagtacgt gcgtactctt ccgaccaaca cgcttatggg
      181 cttcggagct tttgcagcac tcaccacctt ctggtacgcc acgagaccca aacccctgaa
      241 gccgccatgc gacctctcca tgcagtcagt ggaagtggcg ggtagtggtg gtgcacgaag
      301 atccgcacta cttgacagcg acgagccctt ggtgtatttc tatgatgatg tcacaacatt
      361 atacgaaggt ttccagaggg gaatacaggt gtcaaataat ggcccttgtt taggctctcg
      421 gaaaccagac caaccctatg aatggctttc atataaacag gttgcagaat tgtcggagtg
      481 cataggctca gcactgatcc agaagggctt caagactgcc ccagatcagt tcattggcat
      541 ctttgctcaa aatagacctg agtgggtgat tattgaacaa ggatgctttg cttattcgat
      601 ggtgatcgtt ccactttatg atacccttgg aaatgaagcc atcacgtaca tagtcaacaa
      661 agctgaactc tctctggttt ttgttgacaa gccagagaag gccaaactct tattagaggg
      721 tgtagaaaat aagttaatac caggccttaa aatcatagtt gtcatggatg cctacggcag
      781 tgaactggtg gaacgaggcc agaggtgtgg ggtggaagtc accagcatga aggcgatgga
      841 ggacctggga agagccaaca gacggaagcc caagcctcca gcacctgaag atcttgcagt
      901 aatttgtttc acaagtggaa ctacaggcaa ccccaaagga gcaatggtca ctcaccgaaa
      961 catagtgagc gattgttcag cttttgtgaa agcaacagag aatacagtca atccttgccc
     1021 agatgatact ttgatatctt tcttgcctct cgcccatatg tttgagagag ttgtagagtg
     1081 tgtaatgctg tgtcatggag ctaaaatcgg atttttccaa ggagatatca ggctgctcat
     1141 ggatgacctc aaggtgcttc aacccactgt cttccccgtg gttccaagac tgctgaaccg
     1201 gatgtttgac cgaattttcg gacaagcaaa caccacgctg aagcgatggc tcttggactt
     1261 tgcctccaag aggaaagaag cagagcttcg cagcggcatc atcagaaaca acagcctgtg
     1321 ggaccggctg atcttccaca aagtacagtc gagcctgggc ggaagagtcc ggctgatggt
     1381 gacaggagcc gccccggtgt ctgccactgt gctgacgttc ctcagagcag ccctgggctg
     1441 tcagttttat gaaggatacg gacagacaga gtgcactgcc gggtgctgcc tgaccatgcc
     1501 tggagactgg accgcaggcc atgttggggc cccgatgccg tgcaatttga taaaacttgt
     1561 tgatgtggaa gaaatgaatt acatggctgc cgagggcgag ggcgaggtgt gtgtgaaagg
     1621 gccaaatgta tttcagggct acttgaagga cccagcgaaa acagcagaag ctttggacaa
     1681 agacggctgg ttacacacag gggacattgg aaaatggtta ccaaatggca ccttgaaaat
     1741 tatcgaccgg aaaaagcaca tatttaagct ggcacaagga gaatacatag cccctgaaaa
     1801 gattgaaaat atctacatgc gaagtgagcc tgttgctcag gtgtttgtcc acggagaaag
     1861 cctgcaggca tttctcattg caattgtggt accagatgtt gagacattat gttcctgggc
     1921 ccaaaagaga ggatttgaag ggtcgtttga ggaactgtgc agaaataagg atgtcaaaaa
     1981 agctatcctc gaagatatgg tgagacttgg gaaggattct ggtctgaaac catttgaaca
     2041 ggtcaaaggc atcacattgc accctgaatt attttctatc gacaatggcc ttctgactcc
     2101 aacaatgaag gcgaaaaggc cagagctgcg gaactatttc aggtcgcaga tagatgacct
     2161 ctattccact atcaaggttt agtgtgaaga agaaagctca gaggaaatgg cacagttcca
     2221 caatctcttc tcctgctgat ggccttcatg ttgttaattt tgaatacagc aagtgtaggg
     2281 aaggaagcgt tcgtgtttga cttgtccatt cggggttctt ctcataggaa tgctagagga
     2341 aagagaacac tgccttacag tcacctcatg ttgcagacca tgtttatggt aatacacact
     2401 ttccaaaatg agccttaaaa attgtaaagg ggatactata aatgtgctaa gttatttgag
     2461 acttcctcag tttaaaaagt gggttttaaa tcttctgtct ccctgtttct ctaatcaagg
     2521 ggttaggact ttgctatctc tgagatgtct gctacttgct gcaaattctg cagctgtctg
     2581 ctgctctaaa gagtacagtg cactagaggg aagtgttccc tttaaaaata agaacaactg
     2641 tcctggctgg agaatctcac aagcggacca gagatctttt taaatccctg ctactgtccc
     2701 ttctcacagg cattcacaga acccttctga ttcgtaaggg ttacgaaact catgttcttc
     2761 tccagtcccc tgtggtttct gttggagcat aaggtttcca gtaagcggga gggcagatcc
     2821 aactcagaac catgcagata aggagcctct ggcaaatggg tgctcatcag aacgcgtgga
     2881 ttctctttca tggcagaatg ctcttggact cggttctcca ggcctgattc cccgactcca
     2941 tcctttttca ggggttattt aaaaatctgc cttagattct atagtgaaga caagcatttc
     3001 aagaaagagt tacctggatc agccatgctc agctgtgacg cctgaataac tgtctacttt
     3061 atcttcactg aaccactcac tctgtgtaaa ggccaacaga tttttaatgt ggttttcata
     3121 tcaaaagatc atgttgggat taacttgcct ttttccccaa aaaataaact ctcaggcaag
     3181 catttcttta aagctattaa gggagtatat acttgagtac ttattgaaat ggacagtaat
     3241 aagcaaatgt tcttataatg ctacctgatt tctatgaaat gtgtttgaca agccaaaatt
     3301 ctaggatgta gaaatctgga aagttcattt cctgggattc acttctccag ggatttttta
     3361 aagttaattt gggaaattaa cagcagttca ctttattgtg agtctttgcc acatttgact
     3421 gaattgagct gtcatttgta catttaaagc agctgttttg gggtctgtga gagtacatgt
     3481 attatataca agcacaacag ggcttgcact aaagaattgt cattgtaata acactacttg
     3541 gtagcctaac ttcatatatg tattcttaat tgcacaaaaa gtcaataatt tgtcaccttg
     3601 gggttttgaa tgtttgcttt aagtgttggc tatttctatg ttttataaac caaaacaaaa
     3661 tttccaaaaa caatgaagga aaccaaaata aatatttctg catttcaggt ga
//
